西电东送生态补偿标准初探  

An Analysis of Eco-Compensation Standard in West-to-East Electricity Transmission

作　　者：徐瑛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第3期129-135,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"区域协调发展的目标选择;实现路径与动态评价研究"(No.07&ZD011);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)"跨区域资源开发中的资源环境补偿"项目(No.07XNB030)

摘　　要：西电东送南通道规模不断扩大,电力开发过程导致电力输出地生态环境受损,但西电价格却尚未充分体现生态环境成本,地区之间生态环境利益矛盾日益凸显,亟待生态补偿机制对各方利益关系进行协调。本文从输出地和输入地两个视角出发,综合生态环境损失价值与恢复治理成本两方面内容,对发电各环节的生态补偿进行了估算。输出地视角下,本文区分治理与否两种情况,分别计算生态补偿标准;结合已治理电容比例,计算生态补偿平均额度,并设计低、中、高三套补偿方案。其中,中方案为火电0.134元/kwh,水电0.019元/kwh。输入地视角下,本文综合考虑了广东省的电源结构和排污所致边际损失,估算广东省环境收益(意愿支付的生态补偿上限)为0.39元/kwh。按照中方案,西电项目中广东省2010年需支付生态补偿费70.5亿元,而获得的生态环境收益则高达304.7亿元。The market of West-to-East Electricity is enjoying a persistent surge, with serious destruction of ecological environment in exporter. Absence of environment cost in electricity prices leads to conflicts between regions , which calls for eco-eompensation between them vigorously. This paper sets eco-compensation standards for ecological environment damage and pollution control, which are calculated in both exporter and importer perspective. In exporter perspective, we estimates average compensation standard with weight sum of two different compensation standards which depend on whether or not pollution is controlled. We use the treated capacitive portion as the weight. Based on the estimation, high/medium/low compensation schemes are put forward. Medium standard is 0.314 yuan/kwh for thermal Power, and 0. 019 yuan/kwb for hydro-power. In importer perspective, this paper finds environment benefit of Guangdong province （possible upper limit for ecological compensation） reaches 0.39 yuan/kwh because of it＇s special power source structure and marginal loss. By the medium standard, Guangdong province should pay 7.05 billion yuan for eco-compensation while it＇s ecological environment benefit reaches 30.47 billion yuan in 2010.

关 键 词：西电东送 生态补偿 区域协调发展 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]