知识密集型企业技术创新组织模式的演进——以美国制药产业为例  

The Evolution of Knowledge-intensive Firms' Organizational Patterns for Technological Innovation:Experience from U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry

作　　者：张钢[1] 王宇峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2011年第2期65-76,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(J20070720)

摘　　要：开放环境下技术创新的复杂性和不确定性使得企业的技术创新活动经常在获取外部知识资源和保护核心知识不为竞争对手所得之间陷入"两难",而保护核心知识与推广主导标准也使企业陷入一种典型的"创新悖论"之中,这在知识密集型企业中尤其典型。虽然国内外学者对企业的技术创新进行了大量的研究,但对于企业自身采取怎样的技术创新组织方式才是最有效率的问题却鲜有涉及。对美国制药产业的分析发现,企业技术创新的组织模式是从整合性封闭创新模式向模块性开放创新模式螺旋式演进的,而模块性开放创新模式可以有效地利用各种外部知识资源、提高企业技术创新效率、降低研发成本,促使企业在与外部知识机构进行良好合作的同时,规避潜在创新风险,有效解决"创新悖论"。The complexity and uncertainty of technological innovation in the open environment often make firms fall into the ″dilemma″ of obtaining external knowledge resources or protecting core knowledge from the rivals.Besides,there is also a classical ″innovation paradox″ of protecting core knowledge and diffusing dominant standard,which is especially typical in the knowledge-intensive firms.Though much of researches have been done on firms＇ technological innovation,few are focused on what kind of organizational pattern for technological innovation is the most efficient.Based on the experience from the U.S.pharmaceutical industry,we find the spiral evolution of the organizational patterns for technological innovation from the integrated closed innovation model to the modular open innovation model.The pattern of modular open innovation can effectively use a variety of external knowledge resources,increase the efficiency of technological innovation,and reduce the RD costs,which enable firms to avoid potential innovation risks when cooperating with external knowledge institutions,and finally solve the ″innovation paradox″ effectively.

关 键 词：知识密集型企业 技术创新组织模式 演进 模块性 

分 类 号：F416.72[经济管理—产业经济] F273.1