胺类化合物反应型包覆硝酸铵及其在叠氮聚醚推进剂中的应用  

Study on ammonium nitrate reactively coated by amines and their application in azido polyether propellants

作　　者：张旭东[1] 李建民[1] 杨荣杰[1] 朱立勋[2] 赵信歧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100081 [2]西安北方惠安化学工业有限公司,西安710302

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2011年第1期86-91,100,共7页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

摘　　要：为改善相稳定硝酸铵(PSAN)的吸湿性和表面极性,选择乙二胺、二乙胺和三乙胺,分别代表伯、仲和叔胺化合物,与PSAN颗粒表面反应,制备反应型包覆PSAN。FTIR证实,乙二胺、二乙胺和三乙胺与AN均能发生化学反应。通过吸湿率、接触角测量和推进剂拉伸实验,对包覆效果进行了表征。结果表明,二乙胺反应型包覆的PSAN吸湿性和表面极性改善效果最好,相对湿度为75.3%和92.5%两种环境下,8 h吸湿率分别下降了60.5%和63.6%,表面自由能极性分量下降了约91%,非极性分量增加了约145%;而乙二胺反应型包覆PSAN对BAMO-THF/PSAN推进剂力学性能改善效果最好,乙二胺包覆量为0.2%时,推进剂的最大应力σm取得最大值,σm提高了约46%,最大应力下延伸率εm提高了约83%。For improving the hygroscopicity and surface polarity of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate（PSAN）,ethylenediamine,diethylamine and triethylamine,which represent primary amines,secondary amines and tertiary amines,were selected to react with the surface of PSAN particle to prepare amines reactively coated PSAN.The chemical reaction between amines and AN were confirmed by FTIR.The coating effects were characterized by rate of moisture absorption,contact angles and propellants tensile test.It is shown that the hygroscopicity and surface polarity of PSAN reactively coated by diethylamine get the best effects compared with the others,the rate of moisture absorption decline by 60.5% and 63.6% respectively in the atmosphere of relative humidity 75.3% and 92.5% in 8 h,and the polar component of surface free energy decline by about 87%,and the nonpolar component increase by about 145%.Using these reactively coated PSAN particle in the BAMO-THF/PSAN propellants,it is found that the propellants using the PSAN coated by ethylenediamine have the best mechanical properties,the maximum stress（σm） can be obtained at（0.2% coating mass of ethylenediamine,the maximum stress increased by about 46%,and the elongation（εm） increased by about 83%.

关 键 词：硝酸铵 胺类化合物 包覆 复合固体推进剂 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]