减量施肥对菜地土壤养分淋失及春甘蓝产量的影响  

Effects of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Vegetable Soil Nutrient Leaching and Spring Cabbage Yield

作　　者：何传龙[1,2] 马友华[3] 李帆[1,2] 蒋光月[1,2] 周维平 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农科院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [4]安徽省巢湖市居巢区农业委员会,安徽巢湖238000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第2期397-401,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目:沿巢湖地区农田养分污染减控研究与示范(2007BAD87B06)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了减量施肥对菜地土壤养分淋失及春甘蓝产量的影响。结果表明:春甘蓝N、P、K习惯施肥用量分别为其吸收量2.64倍、5.8倍、1.02倍,长期施肥使菜园土壤有效P大量累积,土壤养分不平衡加剧,一些中微量元素成为新的养分限制因子。习惯施肥N、P向下层淋失明显,改进减量施肥技术使N、P淋失量分别减少90.0%、78.4%。不平衡减量施肥降低春甘蓝产量和经济效益,配合S、B、Zn的改进减量施肥技术能显著促进春甘蓝吸收养分,提高产量,经济效益超过习惯施肥处理。结论:在菜园土上推广平衡施肥技术可显著减少春甘蓝的施肥量,提高肥料利用率,增加产量和经济效益,并能减少N、P养分淋失,减轻施肥的面源污染。A field experiment was carried to study the effects of reducing fertilizer application on vegetable soil nutrient leaching and spring cabbage yield.Results showed that N,P,K fertilizer usage of spring cabbage were the amount their uptake by 2.64 times,5.8 times and 1.02 times respectively.Long-term fertilization resulted in vegetable soil available P accumulation,increased soil nutrient imbalances,a number of trace elements into a new nutrient limiting factor.Custom fertilizer N,P leaching significantly,the N,P leaching losses of improved reducing fertilizer application technology decreased by 90.0%,78.4% respectively.Unbalanced reducing fertilizer application reduce the spring cabbage yield and economic efficiency,with the S,B,Zn reducing fertilizer application technology could significantly promote the absorption of nutrients in the spring cabbage,increase production and economic benefits.Conclusion： The balanced fertilization technology of vegetable soil could significantly reduce the amount of fertilization of spring cabbage,improved fertilizer utilization rate,increased productivity and economic efficiency,and reduced the N,P nutrient leaching,reduce thed fertilizer pollution.

关 键 词：春甘蓝 减量施肥 平衡施肥 养分淋失 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]