模拟土遗址中可溶盐运移规律的初步探索  

SIMULATION OF MIGRATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS IN ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES

作　　者：黄四平[1,2] 赵岗[1] 李玉虎[1] 赵玉杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学化学与材料科学学院,西安710062 [2]咸阳师范学院化学与化工学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2011年第2期295-301,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技攻关项目(2009k01-43);咸阳师范学院科研专项基金(08xsyk343)资助

摘　　要：采用常规的定性和定量分析方法,测定了陕西师范大学土遗址模拟坑中不同位置土壤含水率、可溶盐成分及含量。结果表明,这些可溶盐主要为钙和钠的硫酸盐类,它们随着水分沿竖直方向和水平方向不断地向遗址表面运移,最后在土壤表层积累堆积;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、环境扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和超景深三维立体显微镜(3DSDDM),分析了可溶性盐分对遗址土壤结构的破坏作用,结果表明,由于可溶性盐分在遗址表面的累积,可溶性盐分在遗址孔隙中形成了巨大内应力,使土壤颗粒之间的黏结力减小,土壤颗粒之间的距离拉大,使土体表面泛白酥解,严重时引起土颗粒的脱落和酥解。本研究为土遗址保护中盐害治理提供了依据,对保护大批濒临破坏的土遗址,推动文物保护的理论研究与实际工作均有重大意义。Using conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, water content and composition and content of soluble salts at different positions in a simulated archeological site in the Shaanxi Normal University were determined. Results show that calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate were the mainly soluble salts, and moved vertically and horizontally along with soil water towards the surface of the site and finally accumulated in the surface soil. The destructive effect of soluble salts on soil structure of the site was analyzed with the aid of XRD, SEM and 3DSDDM. It was found that as a result of the accumulation in the surface soil, soluble salts formed a huge stress in soil pores, thus reducing the cohe- sion between soil particles, widening the distance between them, and eventually making the surface soil white and loose. When worse comes to the worst, the soil got too loose and broke off. The findings in this research can be used as scientific basis for control of salt damage to the site and are of great theoretical studies and practical to the protection of archeological sites and historic relics.

关 键 词：模拟土遗址 可溶盐 运移 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学] K854.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]