集约经营雷竹林序列的土壤磷素含量与组分  

VARIATION OF SOIL PHOSPHORUS CONTENT AND COMPONENTS IN A CHRONOSEQUENCE OF PHYLLOSTACHYS PRAECOX STANDS UNDER INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT

作　　者：黄芳[1,2] 金炳华[2] 孙达[1] 姜培坤[1] 庄舜尧[1] 曹志洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所-浙江林学院"森林与土壤联合实验室",杭州311300 [2]浙江省嘉善县农业经济局,浙江嘉善314100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2011年第2期347-355,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院南京土壤研究所所长基金(ISSASIP200601);浙江林学院联合实验室特别项目(2005FR002)资助

摘　　要：在浙江省临安市三口镇、太湖源镇（西天目乡）、横畈镇等雷竹主产区采集了不同种植年限（1a，5a，10a，15a）集约经营雷竹林地以及作为对照的附近稻田（0a）的土壤0～10、10～20、20～40em的样品，各年龄的土壤分别采集4个重复的剖面，对土壤磷素含量及分布作了研究，并用^31P核磁共振仪分析了土壤磷素组分及比例的变化，以便为评估集约经营措施对土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的影响提供依据。结果表明：三个乡镇雷竹林土壤表层的全磷（1．96～2．01gkg。）、有效磷（458～468mg kg^-1）均随着雷竹种植年限的延长而呈急剧上升的趋势，但土壤有机磷增幅不大。所有土壤剖面上的全磷、有效磷和有机磷均是表层〉亚表层〉〉底土层，呈自上而下逐渐减少的分布规律，说明土壤磷素主要富集在表层。雷竹林土壤有机磷占全磷的比例为29％～20％，有随种植年限的增加而下降的趋势。^31P核磁共振分析证实无机磷酸盐组分占土壤磷素的极大部分。有机磷份量较小，其中磷酸单酯有一定比例，磷酸双酯较少，而焦磷酸酯则更少，说明在本研究的种植时间内雷竹林土壤有机磷含量变化不大。鉴于目前雷竹林地土壤有效磷已很高的现状，建议立即停用磷肥3—5年，这既不会影响雷笋的产量和品质，又可节约资源，并逐步使土壤有效磷下降、保持在一定水平上，防止潜在的污染水休的危险，Soil samples were collected from Sankou, Taihuyuan （Xitianmu village） and, Hengfan towns, the main production area of Phyllostachys praecox stands in Lin＇an, Zhejiang Province where covered of 3.5 × 10^4 hm^2 area. Soil profiles were excavated in 1 a, 5 a, 10 a, 15 a planting years of bamboo stands and each with 4 sites replications to study the variation of soil phosphorus content and distribution in due time of intensive management practices by yearly heavy fertilization and 30 cm thick organic mulch in winter season for higher yield and quality of Bamboo shoots. Soil P component was analysed by solution ^31P NMR （AVANCE II 300MHZ BRUKER Co. ） to give a sight of dynamics of various phosphorus components and its possible impact to soil and water environmental quality. Results indicated that, with the prolong of intensive management years of Phyllostachys praecox stands, the contents of soil total phosphorus （TP） , available phosphorus （AP） increased steadily up to P 1.96 -2.01 g kg^-1 and P 458 -468 mg kg^-l, respectively. However, the increase of soil organic phosphorus （SOP） was relatively small. But all of the TP, AP, SOP contents showed gradually decrease from top layer 〉 middle layer 〉 〉 bottom layer in a soil profile which revealed that the soil phosphorus was enriched on the surface layer. The ratio of SOP to TP is relatively low as only 29%- 20% and showed that it was gradually going down as the planting year prolonged. Data from the solution ^31P NMR analysis revealed that inorganic orthophosphate was represented a significant proportion of the total P content, and the content of orthophosphate monoesters were lower but they increased with the planting years prolong. While contents of those orthophosphate diesters and pyrophosphate esters were a little, which revealed that the increase of SOP was quite low during the period of studied Phyllostachys praecox stands. Due to the high soil available P in Phyllostachys praecox stands of studied area, we suggested that any further

关 键 词：雷竹林 时间序列 核磁共振 土壤磷素 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]