美国实体经济的利润率动态：1975-2008  

The Dynamics of the Rate of Profit in U.S. Real Economy:1975—2008

作　　者：谢富胜[1] 李安 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872 [2]美国麻省大学阿姆赫斯特分校

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2011年第2期81-91,共11页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当代资本主义劳动过程研究”(07CJL003)

摘　　要：利润率是影响资本主义宏观经济活动的重要因素。采用将利润率分解成利润份额、产能利用率和产能资本比三个变量的方法,对1975—2008年美国实体经济利润率进行的经验分析表明:近30年来美国实体经济利润率基本停滞;这段时期利润率周期波动的最主要原因是利润份额的变化;利润份额的显著影响在很大程度上得自于产能利用率的变动,其背后原因是生产和非生产工人的劳动小时和报酬比例的变化;广大工人的实际分配地位并未改善;利润率动态变化的背景是美国资本主义劳动过程近30年来的历史变迁。The rate of profit is an important factor that influences the macroeconomic activities under capitalism.We decomposes the rate of profit into the profit share,the capacity utilization rate,and capacity capital ratio,and then empirically study the rate of profit in U.S.real economy for the period of 1975 to 2008.The results show that the rate of profit in U.S.real economy has been stagnating in the last three decades;the dominant reason for the fluctuations of the rate of profit during this period is the changes in the profit share;the significance of the profit share derives from the changes in the capacity utilization rate to a great degree,the underlying reason of which is the changes in the ratio of production workers＇ working hours to non-production workers＇ working hours and the ratio of production workers＇ income to non-production workers＇ income;the status of the majority of workers in income distribution has not been improved;the background to the dynamics of the rate of profit is the changing the U.S.labor process in the last three decades.

关 键 词：美国实体经济 利润率 劳动过程 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] F224