新疆矿产资源开发效应及其对利益相关者的影响  

Regional Effects of Mineral Resources Exploitation and Impacts on Stakeholders in Xinjiang

作　　者：张新华[1,2,3] 谷树忠[4] 王兴杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆区委党校,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所,北京100010

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第3期441-450,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然基金项目:“欠发达资源富集区“资源诅咒”的典型案例检验与规避路径设计”(编号:40871253);“国家资源安全管理的目标耦合、系统模拟与制度设计”(编号:70873119)

摘　　要：矿产资源勘察、开发、利用等活动,对资源地的经济、社会、资源和生态环境产生一定的正面和负面效应。拥有丰富矿产资源的新疆,矿产资源开发已成为其支柱产业。矿产资源开发一方面拉动了经济的增长和投资的扩大,增加了利益相关者的收入,带动了相关产业的发展,为当地的居民提供了就业机会;另一方面,导致了产业的单一化和重型化,产生"荷兰病"效应,对人力资本和科技创新产生挤出效应,对环境造成污染,破坏生态平衡,耗费大量的水土资源等,不利于新疆的跨越式发展。矿产资源开发效应对利益相关者造成不同程度的影响,对资源开发的企业而言,直接享受资源开发的高额利润,将产生的资源效应和环境效应等负面效应转嫁给其他的企业和当地的居民;中央政府和地方政府程度不同的享受到资源开发的正面效应,但也承担着资源开发产生的负面效应;当地的居民直接享受不到资源开发正面效应,却直接承担着资源开发造成的资源诅咒效应、资源效应和环境效应等负面效应。Exploitation and utilization of mineral resources affect economy, society, resources, and the environment of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In general, it involves input-output effect, income distribution effect, the Dutch disease effect, industrial association effect, employment effect, ＂squeezed out＂ effect, geological disasters effect, as well as resources effect. Due to an abundance of mineral resources, the exploitation of mineral resources in Xinjiang has been increasingly becoming the pillar industry and significantly prompting economic growth and investment increases. Nevertheless, the driver of economic growth varies with the influence of the price of mineral resources. The simplification of the industrial structure and the development of heavy industry may lead to the Dutch disease. Mineral resources extraction increases income of stakeholders, but the distribution of interests is generally unfair. The allocation proportion of revenue among the central government, the local government, and the enterprise is 73：19：8. Obviously, enterprises gain profits. Except enterprise employees, the local residents indirectly share revenue. The mining industry plays a weak role in driving the development of related industries, only providing employment opportunities for local residents. This does not necessarily lead to employment growth but squeezes out the accumulation of human capital and innovation of science and technology. Mineral resource extraction frequently leads to geological hazards, industrial waste gases emissions, solid wastes and waste water and pollutants, land resources occupation, and large water resources consumption. The influences of these effects on key stakeholders are different. For the central government, mineral resources exploitation ensures economic and resource security of the whole country, and increases national revenue. But it would be detrimental to the environment. For the local government, mineral resources exploitation is a great boost to economic growth and increase loc

关 键 词：矿产资源开发 效应 利益相关者 新疆 

分 类 号：F426.1[经济管理—产业经济] F205