稻草还田对油菜生长、土壤温度及湿度的影响  

Influence of straw-returning on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growth,soil temperature and moisture

作　　者：苏伟[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 周广生[2] 李小坤[1] 李云春[1] 刘晓伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第2期366-373,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05;2008BADA4B08);教育部新世纪人才项目(NCET-07-0345);油菜现代产业技术体系建设项目(nycytx-005)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽和田间试验相结合的方法,研究了不同稻草还田方式及还田量对油菜出苗和苗情的影响,以及不同稻草覆盖量对油菜生长、养分吸收、产量及土壤水热状况的影响。盆栽试验结果表明,稻草覆盖和翻埋还田对油菜出苗均有抑制作用,出苗率及出苗速率随稻草还田量的增加均有降低趋势,但覆盖条件下油菜出苗所受抑制更加明显。稻草覆盖还田对油菜苗情影响不大,而稻草翻埋还田则对苗期油菜生长有明显的抑制作用。大田试验结果表明,稻草覆盖可以显著提高油菜苗期干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分吸收的速率,但进入薹期之后油菜生长基本不受稻草覆盖的影响。稻草覆盖对油菜有显著的增产效果,平均增产幅度为18.1%,但不同覆盖量之间差异不显著。另外,稻草覆盖后,土壤温度日变化趋于缓和,土壤含水率明显提高,且随覆盖量增加稻草的保温保水效果更为明显。This research consisted of a pot and a field experiment.The effects of different straw-returning methods and straw-returning rates on emergence and growth at seedling stage of rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） were studied using the pot experiment,while the growth,nutrients absorption and yield of rapeseed and the condition of soil temperature and moisture under different straw-mulching rates were studied by the field experiment.The results of the pot experiment showed that both mulching and turnover inhibited the emergence of rapeseed,but the inhibition effect of mulching was more severe.The effect of straw-mulching on growth of rapeseed at seedling stage was very limited,while the effect of turnover was more pronounced.Field experiment results showed that mulching could enhance significantly dry matter accumulation and nutrients absorbed rate of rapeseed at seedling stage,but had no effect from bud period to pod period compared to no straw-mulching treatment（CK）.Compared with CK treatment,mulching could increase significantly rapeseed yield by 18.1% on average,while mulching rates had no effect on rapeseed yield.The results of the field experiment also indicated that compared with CK treatment,mulching could increase soil water content significantly,and lower the variation of soil temperature.

关 键 词：稻草还田 油菜 土壤温度 土壤湿度 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S157.4