水氮供应对棉花花铃期净光合速率及产量的调控效应  

Responses of net photosynthetic rate in flowering and boll-forming stages,and cotton yield to irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application

作　　者：杨荣[1] 苏永中[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第2期404-410,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年人才成长基金(51Y084881);国家自然科学基金项目(41071199);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421302)资助

摘　　要：为揭示水氮供应对黑河中游边缘绿洲沙地农田棉花光合特性和产量的调控效应,采用3种灌溉水平和5种氮素水平的田间试验,研究水氮供应对花铃期棉花净光合速率及产量的影响。结果表明,在施N0～300 kg/hm2范围内,棉花花铃期日均净光合速率和蒸腾速率均随施氮量增加而增加,超过N 300 kg/hm2时略有下降。施N 150、225、300和375 kg/hm2较不施氮处理籽棉产量分别增加33.9%、45.8%、50.9%和49.2%;灌溉水生产力分别提高33.3%、45.8%、50%和50%。3个灌溉处理间籽棉产量差异不显著,灌溉水生产力依I1(10800 m3/hm2)、I2(9450m3/hm2)、I3(8100 m3/hm2)顺序递增。棉花花铃期净光合速率与籽棉产量、秸秆生物量、单株铃数、铃重和籽指间均存在极显著正相关关系。在黑河中游边缘绿洲沙地农田,施N 300 kg/hm2能够促进棉花花铃期净光合速率,有利于籽棉产量和水生产力的提高;与当地采用的10800 m3/hm2灌溉量相比,降低灌溉量至8100 m3/hm2不降低籽棉产量,使灌溉水的生产力提高27.5%。The regulating effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on net photosynthetic rate in flowering and boll-forming stages and cotton yield were studied on a sandy farmland in the marginal oasis in the middle of Heihe River basin.Two factors including 3 irrigation levels and 5 nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up.The results showed that both average daily net photosynthetic and transpiration rates of cotton leaves in flowering and boll-forming stages increased with nitrogen fertilizer application rates,but slightly declined when nitrogen fertilizer application exceeded 300 kg/ha.Compared with zero nitrogen fertilizer application,seed cotton yield were 33.9%,45.8%,50.9% and 49.2% higher and irrigation water productivity were 33.3%、45.8%、50% and 50% higher under nitrogen fertilizer application of 150,225,300 and 375 kg/ha,respectively.There was no significant difference on seed cotton yield between 3 irrigation levels.Irrigation water productivity（IWP）was decreased with the increase of irrigation levels.Significant positive correlations were found between net photosynthetic rates in flowering and boll-forming stages and seed cotton yield,straw biomass,boll number on individual plant,boll weight,and seed weight.These results suggested that irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer applications had a significant influence on net photosyntheticrate of cotton leaves in flowering and boll-forming stages,and on the growth of cotton and seed cotton yield.There was higher photosynthetic efficiency.The maximum seed cotton yield and irrigation water productivity was observed under nitrogen fertilizer application of 300 kg/ha in the marginal oasis in the middle of Heihe River basin.Reduction irrigation rate from 10800 m3/ha to 8100 m3/ha had no effect on cotton yield.

关 键 词：水氮供应 棉花 产量 净光合速率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]