梯级水库群洪水溃坝模拟  

Simulation of Dam Break Flood for Cascade Reserviors

作　　者：刘庆红[1] 付湘[2] 何海源[1] 张秀丽[1] 杜德进 刘光保[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东勘测设计研究院,浙江杭州310014 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2011年第3期173-177,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50739003)

摘　　要：以某河流的7个梯级水库为研究对象,合理地拟定各梯级水库不同大坝类型(土石坝、拱坝、混凝土重力坝)的溃决形式、溃口发生过程及形态,针对各类型水库漫顶即溃坝和土石坝漫顶溃坝,拱坝、重力坝漫顶过流不产生溃坝两种极限状态,运用Dam Break溃坝模型原理,计算主汛期超标准洪水和后汛期超标准洪水时梯级水库的连锁响应以及溃坝洪水向下游库群的演进过程,分析流域内各水库溃坝发生的因果关系,并得出各水库溃坝发生的相对时间及各特征断面的最高水位、流量等特征值。汛期超标准洪水时流域梯级水库的溃坝模拟分析结果,为降低大坝风险、制定应急预案和防灾减灾提供了科学的决策依据。In this paper,a detailed dam break analysis for seven cascading dams in the transnational river has been carried out using MIKE 11 Dam Break model.The form of dam breach and patterns are set for different dam types（earth and rockfill dam,arch dam and concrete gravity dam）.The study consists of two hypothetical Scenarios of failure： failure of dam due to overtopping for all types of dams;failure of earth and rockfill dams while safety for gravity concrete dams and arch dams due to overtopping.The model computes reservoirs outflows and flood routing from breach to downstream due to extraordinary flood of major flood season and floodending season.The maximum flood level at different cross sections of the river and travel time of the flood waves at different dams locations along the river are predicted.The results of the dam break analysis can provide a scientific basis for evacuation plans and risk assessment in the affected area.

关 键 词：大坝类型 主汛期超标准洪水 后汛期超标准洪水 溃坝模型 

分 类 号：TV697.12[水利工程—水利水电工程]