三峡库区支流富营养化及水华现状研究  

INVESTIGATION ON THE PRESENT SITUATION OF EUTROPHICATION AND WATER BLOOM IN THE BRANCHES OF THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

作　　者：邱光胜[1] 胡圣[1] 叶丹[1] 袁琳[1] 臧小平[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江流域水环境监测中心,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江流域水资源保护局,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第3期311-316,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国务院三峡建设委员会办公室资助项目:三峡库区支流富营养化状况普查(SX2004-018;SX2005-007);三峡库区重点支流水质监测重点站(SX2008-026);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目:重大工程生态环境效应遥感监测与评估(KZCX1-YW-0801-01)

摘　　要：三峡水库蓄水以来,库区支流水体营养状态、藻类生物量及群落结构发生明显改变,对不同蓄水阶段研究表明:库区支流富营养化程度加重,且时空差异显著,春、夏季富营养化程度严重,秋、冬季节相对较轻.整体上由蓄水前的贫-中营养状态转变为中-富营养状态。由于库区支流营养盐浓度高且蓄水前后相对稳定,对藻类生长不形成限制,因此支流富营养化加重的原因是蓄水后库区支流流速减缓,使得透明度增加,水体透光性增加,藻类生长环境改善,从而使生物量大幅度增加,库区支流藻类水华频繁发生,且优势种类趋向于多样化,硅藻、甲藻、隐藻、蓝藻、绿藻都可成为水华优势种,且整体组成呈现硅藻、甲藻下降,蓝藻、绿藻、隐藻上升的态势,演替趋势总体上由河流型向湖泊型转变。但随着蓄水位的上升,水华发生比率总体上有所降低。Since the first impoundment of Three structure of community has changed significantly. ment stages showed that eutrophication of tributa Gorges Reservoir, trophic state, algae biomass and the Series of investigating results during different impoundry river deteriorated and differed on time and space. The eutrophication in spring and summer were more serious than that in autumn and winter,making the general trophic state of ecosystem shift from oligotrophic-mesoerophic status to mesoerophic-eutrophic status. Nu- trient was not limited factor for algae growth because of high and relatively stable nutrient level during dif- ferent impoundment stages in tributary river. Therefore, the reason for eutrophication was the reduced velocity of flow, making transparency rise, light transmission increase and growing condition improve. Then it brought algae biomass increased largely and water bloom occured frequently as well as the dominant algae diversified. Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta,Crytophyta, Cayanophyta and Chlorophya could be dominant in al- gae population. Generally speaking, the percentage taken by Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta decreased, as well as Crytophyta,Cayanophyta and Chlorophya increased. Dominant algae succession trend was from river-typed to lake-typed. However,with the evaluation of the water level,the general occuring rate of bloom decreased.

关 键 词：三峡水库 富营养化 水华 演替趋势 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]