三峡工程建设前后库区城镇发展与环境变化  

URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT CHANGE BEFORE AND AFTER THREE GORGES PROJECT CONSTRUCTION IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

作　　者：张磊[1] 吴炳方[1] 袁超[1] 朱亮[1] 王鹏[1] 周月敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第3期317-324,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目"重大工程生态环境效益遥感监测与评估"(KZCX1-YW-08-01-01);国务院三峡办项目"三峡库区生态与环境遥感实时动态监测"(SX[2002]-004)

摘　　要：利用卫星遥感监测,分析三峡工程建设前后库区城镇发展类型、时空过程,揭示库区城镇变化的驱动力,探索了城镇扩展与人口城镇化关系,研究城镇环境变化特征。三峡库区城镇规模发展不均衡,库尾城市规模庞大,库中、东部区县级城市规模较小,而乡镇的比例占城镇面积24%;在过去15a中,建城区规模扩大172%,高于全国省会城市发展水平72%;三峡库区城镇规模扩大的同时,东西城镇规模差距逐步缩小,三峡工程建设起着重要的推动作用;城镇发展以侵占了优质耕地资源为代价,耕地占城镇变化83%;城镇用地变化与人口城市化发展不平衡,城镇空间发展快于人口城镇化过程,城镇对农村人口的吸引力不及全国省会城市平均水平,在2007年城市化率低于全国水平13%,差距进一步扩大;城市空间结构发展模式受地形和土地资源的限制,城市分维数和坡度分别增加1.2%和1.04°,城市向潜山区扩展或搬迁的同时,城市空间的完整性下降。This paper used satellite remote sensing data, analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern, process of urban development in Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） before and after Three Gorge Project construction, revealed the driving forces of urban change, explored population urbanization process with the urban expansion, and performed studies of urban environmental change characteristics. The development cities and towns was not balanced on scale in TGRA. The west developed a large municipality,while small county-level cities occurred in the east and towns accounted for only 24% among all cities and towns. In the past 15 years, the cities expanded 172%, that is 72% more than the national urban average. Urban expansion narrowed the gap of scale between the west and the east in TGRA, and Three Gorge Project played an important role in promoting this process. Urban development was based on the cost of highquality cultivated land loss. Cropland occupation accounted for 83 %of urban change. Urban expansion and population urbanization were unevenly developed. The cities expansion was quicker than the urbanization process,and the cities and towns attracted less rural population than national urban average. The TGRA urbanization in 2007 was below the national level 13%, and the gap trended to enlarge. Topography and land resources were the limit factor to urban spatial pattern of development. Urban average fractal dimension and the slope gradient in TGRA increased by 1.2 % and 1.04° degrees, respectively. The spatial integrity of the cities becames worse as urban expansion or relocation closed to the mountain.

关 键 词：三峡库区 城镇化 水库淹没 城镇搬迁 遥感 

分 类 号：TU984.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]