直接甲醇燃料电池关键材料与技术  

Critical Materials and Technology in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

作　　者：王新东[1] 谢晓峰[2] 王萌[1] 刘桂成[1] 苗睿瑛[1,3] 王一拓[1] 阎群[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学物理化学系,北京100083 [2]清华大学核能与新能源研究院,北京100084 [3]北京科技大学材料学院无机非金属系,北京100083 [4]北京科技大学机器人研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第2期509-519,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家高技术发展计划(863)项目(No.2007AA05Z150);国家自然科学基金项目(No.50874008;91010002)资助

摘　　要：作为绿色能源,直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)发展潜力无限,有着独特优势,且已有商业化萌芽。本文以DMFC中关键组件膜电极(MEA)为基础,主要介绍了制备高催化性能的电催化剂、高阻醇性能的质子交换膜(PEM)和高性能的MEA工艺,阐述了高效多层次活化、MEA性能再生等研究概念以及CO2分电流的测试技术,还对催化剂成核机理、PEM传质机理、甲醇的有益渗透理论和北京科技大学关于利用高分子成型理论将催化剂浆料直接喷涂在PEM上形成立体三维网格结构实现梯度催化的催化层制备思路进行了探讨。最后,本文还介绍了流场设计,性能测试和系统控制等方面的研究现状。Direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs） are known as the most promising green power source, have acknowledged special superiorities and already obtained primary effects on commercialization. In this article, based on membrane electrode assembly （MEA）, which is the key component of a DMFC, the preparation and optimization progress of catalyst, proton exchange membrane （PEM） , the preparation of MEA, as well as the current reseach situation of activation technology for MEA are detailed combined with our experimental work. The process of multi-step activation, the method of MEA regeneration and the test technology of the current fraction of CO2 are presented and the catalyst nucleation mechanism, PEM mass transfer mechanism and the benefit of methanol penetrating are discussed, as well. Moreover, future work is forecasted. Based on the macromolecule polymer molding theory, a new thought is proposed in this paper that the catalyst slurry is directly sprayed on PEM to form the three-dimensional network structure, which will realize the gradient catalysis functionality and improve the preparation of catalyst layer of MEA. Finally, this article also describes the flow field design, performance testing and system control and other aspects of research status.

关 键 词：直接甲醇燃料电池 膜电极 制备工艺 活化工艺 流场 系统控制 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TM910.5