Polyploidization and epigenetics  

作　　者：LI ZhiHui LU Xiang GAO Yun LIU ShaoJun TAO Min XIAO Heng QIAO YunQian ZHANG YaPing LUO Jing 

机构地区：[1]School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650200, China [2]State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China [3]School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China [4]Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization ofBio-resource & Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2011年第3期245-252,共8页

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870291,30930071);the National Undergraduate Students Research Training Fund of the State Education Ministry,the National Fund for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (J0730652);the Research Training Fund from the Experiment Teaching Center of Life Sciences,YNU,the Project of Higher Education Reform and Practice of Science and Engineering of the State Education Ministry (239);the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of the State Education Ministry

摘　　要：The occurrence of polyploidy,or whole genome duplication,can result in instantaneous speciation.Because new polyploids are immediately reproductively isolated from their non-polyploid congeners,polyploidization has played an important role in the diversification of flowering plants and some vertebrates.Newly formed polyploids must respond to this instantaneous genomic change,which resembles "genome shock" syndrome to survive and reproduce successfully.Epigenetic changes,which do not cause changes to the sequence of DNA,can significantly contribute to the survival of and ultimately to the evolutionary success of new polyploids.Epigenetic regulation,both transcriptional and post-transcriptional,entails changes in DNA methylation,gene status and/or nucleolus dominance.These changes provide effective and flexible ways for a new polyploid to respond quickly to the enormous change in genetic material,to survive and potentially reproduce.We examine and assess certain epigenetic phenomena and possible pathways that may facilitate the evolutionary success of polyploid organisms.The occurrence of polyploidy, or whole genome duplication, can result in instantaneous speciation. Because new polyploids are im- mediately reproductively isolated from their non-polyploid congeners, polyploidization has played an important role in the diversifi- cation of flowering plants and some vertebrates. Newly formed polyploids must respond to this instantaneous genomic change, which resembles ＂genome shock＂ syndrome to survive and reproduce successfully. Epigenetic changes, which do not cause changes to the sequence of DNA, can significantly contribute to the survival of and ultimately to the evolutionary success of new polyploids. Epige- netic regulation, both transcriptional and post-transcriptional, entails changes in DNA methylation, gene status and/or nucleolus dominance. These changes provide effective and flexible ways for a new polyploid to respond quickly to the enormous change in genetic material, to survive and potentially reproduce. We examine and assess certain epigenetic phenomena and possible pathways that may facilitate the evolutionary success of polyploid organisms.

关 键 词：同源多倍体 表观遗传学 DNA甲基化 生物进化 DNA序列 基因组 脊椎动物 开花植物 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学] S888.31[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]