传统市场网络的近代变形——近代冀南与西北“土布换皮”贸易初探  

Modern Deformation of Traditional Market Networks—Preliminary Research on the Modern Fur and Textile Trade between Southern Hebei Province and Northwest China

作　　者：王翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经贸学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2011年第2期49-64,160-161,共16页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目"近代中国手工业转型研究"(05JA790070)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：绵延日久的冀南与西北之间"土布换皮"贸易,对于深入了解中国传统市场网络的构造及其在近代的延续与变形,以及城乡手工业生产与这种市场网络的关系,提供了一个有价值的案例。以邢台、邯郸为中心的冀南地区,长期以本地出产的土布交换西北省区出产的皮毛,形成了一条重要的长途贸易商路。鸦片战争以后,这一传统商业网络仍继续存在,并发挥了更大的作用。一方面,在国内外机制棉纺织品的冲击下,冀南土布除满足当地农村部分需求外,开始"专以西北为销场",西北市场成为冀南土布生产赖以维持的关键。另一方面,冀南土布换来的西北毛皮支撑了邢台毛皮制作手工业的快速发展,促使邢台成为近代中国毛皮生产和集散的中心之一。"土布换皮"的主体是冀南的农民皮毛商贩,他们遵循传统的交易方式进行活动,却同样承担着与近代经济体系相关联的商品运销,从而把近代商业体系无法触及的边地农村同国际市场联系在一起。在这一过程中,传统的"土布换皮"贸易也在发生着深刻的变化,逐渐浸染上近代资本主义关系的特征。The longstanding trade of Southern Hebei textiles for furs from Northwest China provides a valuable case study for us to deepen our understanding of the structure of traditional Chinese market networks and their continuation and deformation in modern times,as well as the relationship between such market networks and handicraft production in urban and rural areas. For a long time the Southern Hebei region centered around Xingtai and Handan exchanged native homespun cloth for furs from Northwest China,forming an important long distance trade route. After the Opium War,this traditional commercial network still existed and played an even greater role. On the one hand,under the impact of domestic and foreign machine-made cotton textiles,apart for some local rural consumption the homespun cloth produced in the southern Hebei found its principal market in Northwest China,which became the key for the continued homespun cloth production. On the other hand,the furs exchanged for southern Hebei homespun cloth sustained the fast development of fur handcraft in Xingtai,and helped Xingtai become one of China's centers of fur production and distribution. The main actors in the cloth-for-fur trade were peasant fur retailers in southern Hebei. They conducted business through traditional trade methods,but also took up commodity trading associated with the modern economic systems,thereby connecting international markets with border districts untouched by the modern commercial systems. In the process,the traditional cloth-for-fur trade also experienced deep changes and gradually took on modern capitalist characteristics.

关 键 词：市场网络 土布换皮 近代变形 冀南 西北 

分 类 号：F729[经济管理—产业经济] K25[历史地理—历史学]