英美刑法共谋罪属性述评  

Review on the Nature of Criminal Conspiracy in the Anglo-American Criminal Law

作　　者：林俊辉[1] 张淑芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学博士后流动站,北京100088 [2]福建农林大学人文学院法律系,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建警察学院学报》2011年第1期80-89,共10页Journal of Fujian Police College

摘　　要：共谋罪是一种抽象危险犯、继续犯和合伙型犯罪,这种观念和制度设计对共谋罪的刑事司法运作产生了重大的影响。法益保护的早期化,犯罪认定的宽松化,责任范围的宽泛化,外化行为要件的形式化,追诉时效的延长化,脱离共谋的困难化,传闻证据例外规则的虚置化,管辖地选择的任意化等是共谋罪独特属性在刑事司法运作上的深刻反映。共谋罪的运用,在对付有组织犯罪、恐怖犯罪等严重犯罪,提前保护法益方面具有重大的现实意义,但同时也具有易被滥用、侵犯人权的潜在风险,值得引起我们的高度警惕。Criminal conspiracy is a kind of crime of general danger,a kind of continuing crime and a kind of crime of partnership in the Anglo-American criminal law.This legislative arrangement has great effect on the criminal judicial practice of criminal conspiracy.The distinctive nature of criminal conspiracy which is reflected in the criminal justice practice can be characterized by the followings： firstly,it is earlier to fight against crimes to protect legal interests;Secondly,it is looser to prove crimes;thirdly,the range of criminal liability for conspirators is broader;fourthly,the element of overt act is formalized;fifthly,the statutes of limitation are prolonged;sixthly,it is much more difficult for conspirators to withdraw from conspiracy;seventhly,the rule of hearsay-exception is formalized;eighthly,it is more random for the prosecutors to choose the venue of jurisdiction and so on.As a kind of crime of general danger,continuing crime,and crime of partnership,criminal conspiracy has played an important part in the fighting against the most serious crimes such as organized crimes,terrorism crime and so on.Meanwhile,it has the possible risks of being abused and violation of human rights,which must be paid the sharpest cautious.

关 键 词：共谋罪 抽象危险犯 继续犯 犯罪合伙 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]