三峡工程蓄水前后库区水质变化及对策分析  

Analysis of Water Quality Variation and Countermeasures in Three Gorges Project Reservoir Area Before and After Impoundment

作　　者：冯静[1] 何太蓉[1] 韦杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆400047

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第2期23-27,共5页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划重点项目专题(No.2008BAD98B04);重庆市教委科技项目(No.KJ080803)

摘　　要：据国家环保部长江三峡工程生态与环境监测公报(简称三峡公报)发布的1996—2008年三峡库区的水质监测实测数据进行分析整理。以2003年和2006年作为标志性节点,分析其水质变化趋势。结果表明:三峡库区沿程干流及远坝支流乌江除2006年及嘉陵江除20042、006年外,其余年份水质均达到或优于Ⅲ类水质断面,受蓄水影响不大;近坝支流澎溪河(小江)、大宁河则受大坝壅水影响,与蓄水前相比,支流口流速减缓,甚至呈静流状态,其断面水质由1999年的Ⅱ类降为2005年开始的Ⅳ类,局部水环境趋复杂化,并且库区内"水华"现象近年有所加重。分析水质变化的原因主要有成库后库区江段流速迅速减小,二期蓄水后库区全江段断面平均流速下降为0.17 m/s,仅为天然河道平均流速的1/4,天然河道断面平均流速的1/5,以及库区各种污染物质排放等。最后从加强产业结构调整和库区坡耕地整治以及完善水环境监测体系和法律法规等4个方面提出保护水质的措施和建议。Based on the real-test water quality data from 1996 to 2008,which is from the Three Gorges Bulletin published by Ministry of Environment Protection of the People＇s Republic of China,this paper discusses the tendency of water quality variation of some sections on the main stream and some tributaries rivers before and after impoundment.And then the paper analyzes the reasons and puts forward some countermeasures.The main conclusions are following.The impoundment little affects water quality of the main stream and some tributaries such as Wujiang River and Jialing River.But some tributaries at downstream like Pengxi River（Xiaojiang River） and Daling River are influenced by the impoundment greatly.Under the influence of impoundment,local water environment becomes complicated,which aggravates the phenomenon of ＂algal bloom＂.The main reasons are the change of the river current and the pollutant discharge in the reservoir area.Finally,the paper puts forward four countermeasures on protecting the water quality.It mainly focuses in two strengthening and two improvements.Namely,there are to strengthen the adjustment of industrial structure,to reinforce remediation of reservoir slope farmland,to improve the water environment remediation monitoring system and to perfect corresponding laws and regulations.

关 键 词：蓄水 三峡库区 水质变化 原因 对策 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X832