手足口病患儿的临床表现与脑电图特点研究  

Clinical Features of Patients with Hand-foot-mouth Disease and Its Electroencephalogram

作　　者：张楠楠[1] 潘晓丽[1] 乔宝军[2] 马秀娟[1] 叶红莲[1] 玄璿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院神经功能检查室,辽宁省沈阳市110004 [2]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2011年第5期469-471,共3页Chinese General Practice

摘　　要：目的观察手足口病（HFMD）患儿的临床特点改变和脑电图表现,评价脑电图检查的临床应用价值。方法对686例手足口病患儿的临床特点及脑电图结果进行回顾性分析,对异常脑电图的例数进行统计。结果手足口病主要的发病时间在7~9月份,3岁以下的婴幼儿占71.3%（489例）,病例1（0~3岁）组的异常率为1.8%（9/489）;病例2（4~14岁）组的异常率为79.7%（157/197）,轻度异常表现为以θ波增高为主,中度异常表现为θ、δ波并存,重度异常表现为广泛δ波;对照组的异常率为30.0%（56/200）,皮疹和发热是主要的临床表现,少数患儿可合并脑炎。病例2组与对照组比较,患儿脑电图弥漫性慢波异常的出现率及异常程度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论脑电图检查敏感性高,且具有无创、操作简便等特点,可有效发现HFMD患儿是否合并脑组织损伤,可早期协助诊断脑炎,减少漏诊和误诊,可以作为HFMD患儿的常规检查。Objective To study the clinical features of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） and its electroencephalogram（EEG）,to evaluate the value of EEG.Methods The clinical features and EEG results of 686 HFMD patients were analyzed retrospectively and abnormal EEG cases calculated.Results HFMD occurred mainly from July to September,infants and children under the age of 3 accounted for 71.3%（489 cases）.The abnormal rate of group 1（at age of 0～3） was 1.8%（9/498）,that of group 2（at age of 2～14） 79.7%（157-197）;mild abnormality presented with increased θwave,moderate with coexisting waves θ and δ,severe with widespreadδwave.The abnormal rate of control group was 30.0%（56/200）,rash and fever were main clinical manifestations,few children combined with encephalitis.Groups 1,2 were significantly different from group control in incidence of EEG diffuse slow wave abnormality and abnormal degree（P0.05）.Conclusion EEG,sensitive and easy to operate without damages,can reveal effectively whether HFMD is combined with brain tissue damages,diagnose encephalitis,reduce misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses.It can be used as a routine examination for HFMD children.

关 键 词：手足口病 临床特点 体征和症状 脑电描记术 

分 类 号：R725.125.7[医药卫生—儿科]