热力学系统定量化研究之一:模型及基本概念  

Quantitative study of thermodynamics system(Ⅰ):model and basic concepts

作　　者：王志国[1] 陈键[1] 成庆林[2] 赵阳[1] 刘扬[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学土木建筑工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]东北石油大学石油工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《大庆石油学院学报》2011年第1期96-99,121,共4页Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51051002;50776014);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究资助项目(11541004)

摘　　要：热力学系统动态变化过程是由系统与外界的热质传递过程引起的,但传统热力学并不能完全对此作出判断.借鉴现代热力学和界壳理论,提出一种新的热力学系统模型,由系统内部、边界(界壳)和外界组成,其中边界(界壳)由界壁和界门组成,界壁是"绝缘"的;给出热力学系统边界开放度、边界交换率概念,讨论边界开放度与边界交换率关系;在新的热力学系统中,提出将"信息"作为与物质和能量等同的物理量,热力学系统与外界传递和交换的物量包括物质、能量和信息.以热力学系统物质流交换过程为例,推导系统稳定条件判据(边界开放度判据).该成果对经典热力学理论有所完善和补充,为精确分析热力学系统热质传递过程提供理论依据.Thermodynamics System Transformation,which can tell the system change between the former type and the new one,dues to heat and mass transfer in system,and cannot be judged in Classical Thermodynamics System.This paper puts forward a new Thermodynamics System which can classify Thermodynamics System Transformation.Drawn on modern thermodynamics and shell theory,the new thermodynamics system model includes three parts: Interior,Border(Shell) and Exterior.In this system,Shell is composed of the Wall and Gate,and the Wall is 'insulated'.What's more,the concepts of shell open ratio and exchange ratio of the new thermodynamics system are presented,and their relationship is also examined.Based on the new thermodynamics system,we conclude that 'information' can be seen as the same as mass and energy.Thus,in this way the exchanging material between the new system and the exterior can be included of mass,energy and information.Using material flow as an example,we deduce the stability criterion for system(the criterion of shell open ratio) which can tell change of Thermodynamics System Transformation from the former one to the new type.The work gives a development and improvement of classical thermodynamics theory,and also provides theoretical basis for accurate analysis of heat mass transfer process in thermodynamics system.

关 键 词：热力学系统 定量化模型 开放度 交换率 稳定性判据 

分 类 号：TQ021.2[化学工程]