实用型司法:近代中国基层民事审判传统  

Pragmatism:The Tradition of Local Civil Judicial Practice in Modern China

作　　者：刘昕杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第2期30-37,共8页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金"民国时期乡村社会及其纠纷解决"(09BZS019);四川大学哲学社会科学精品培育项目"法律与社会:清末民初基层社会的纠纷解决"

摘　　要：传统中国基层民事审判是在不同于西方法官体制的背景下,由全权掌管地方事务的州县官进行的以尽快平息讼争为目的的纠纷解决方式。民国时期,由于西方法文化尚未完全渗透到中国基层,民事司法仍然保存着传统儒家政治文化的实用型特征。这种司法模式以地方官员的全能型权力为基础,以最有效的纠纷解决为目标,以不违背官僚追责和道德操守为限,在基层社会有效地维持着地方关系的运行和熟人社会的人际关系。这样一种围绕纠纷解决而非法律适用的实用型基层民事司法可视为近代中国一以贯之的特点。Local civil judicial practices in traditional China, with different background from the Western justice system, was the dispute resolution method that was practiced by local officials who were in complete control of the affairs within their administrative domains and aimed to achieve a quick appeasement of litigation. During the period of the Republic of China, as the Western legal culture had not pervaded the grass - root level in China, civil judicial practice was still characterized by pragmatism of Confucian political culture. This judicial model functioned on the basis of the omnipotent power of local officials, aimed to resolve disputes, and executed to the extent of non - violation of bureaucracy accountability and ethics. It effectively maintained the functioning of local ties at grass - root level and personal relations between acquaintances. The civil judicial of pragmatism at grass - root level, which emphasized on dispute resolution rather than law application, can be considered as a constant feature in Chinese modem history.

关 键 词：实用型司法 近代中国 基层民事审判 无讼 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] K25[政治法律—法学]