炼油废水活性污泥处理工艺中泡沫的形成研究  

Characterization of Foam in Refinery Wastewater Activated Sludge Process

作　　者：余伟[1] 李海港[2] 于萍[2] 王黎明[2] 罗运柏[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司武汉分公司,湖北武汉430082 [2]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第3期62-66,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：湖北省教育厅高校产学研合作项目资助(CXY2009B047)

摘　　要：活性污泥法处理废水产生的泡沫会影响废水处理系统的正常运行及出水水质。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对炼油废水的成分进行了鉴定,并用化学鉴定方法进行了对照,废水中存在阴离子和非离子表面活性剂。试验研究证明,炼油废水活性污泥处理工艺中产生泡沫的主要原因是系统中存在阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂及活性污泥中存在诺卡氏放线菌。稳定泡沫属于化学泡沫与生物泡沫。进一步试验证明,废水中的阴离子表面活性剂属于羧酸盐类,非离子表面活性剂属于聚氧乙烯类,含量分别为0.480 mg/L、0.891 mg/L。试验分别研究了pH值、溶解氧浓度、进水COD含量和憎水性物质含量等因素对稳定泡沫的影响。通过曲线拟合,提出了预防泡沫形成的控制参数模型,借助该数学模型可以有效预测、判断及控制泡沫。Scum and foaming as one of the most common operating problems in aerobic activated sludge process would affect the normal operation of wastewater treatment system and effluent quality.Anionic surfactants and non-ionic surface active agents in refinery wastewater were detected and characterized with GC-MS technique and chemical methods.Results indicated that the foam forming in refinery wastewater activated sludge process was due to anionic surfactants and non-ionic surface active agents presented in system and Nocardioform actinomycetes presented in the activated sludge.Stable foam was chemical foam and biological foam.Anionic surfactant was carboxylic acids and non-ionic surface was polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants,with the concentration as 0.480mg/L and 0.891mg/L respectively.The influence of some parameters on the stable foam forming were studied and described in details,such as pH value,DO and influent COD concentration as well as hydrophobic substances concentration.Mathematical model by which foam could be prevented was also established.

关 键 词：活性污泥 表面活性剂 诺卡氏放线菌 数学模型 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]