穿龙薯蓣制备皂素新工艺污染分析  

Analysis of Pollution Generation in a New Technique of Extracting Diosgenin from Dioscrea nipponica Makino

作　　者：肖芳[1] 郑小江[2] 谭远友[1] 黄运平[1] 陈英明[1] 周建刚[1] 王布匀[1] 鲁敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉纺织大学环境与城建学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]湖北民族学院生物科学与技术学院,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第3期67-71,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：湖北省生物资源保护与利用重点实验室项目资助(2007004)

摘　　要：文章简述了传统皂素生产工艺的主要问题,即半纤维素和淀粉水解产生的污染问题。针对此问题提出了穿龙薯蓣提取皂素的新工艺,并研究了新工艺所产生的固体废物污染和水污染。首先,用重量法对三种固体废物分别进行了测定,含量分别为原料重量的35.6%、24.4%、3.4%。固体废物弃置占用大量土地,污染环境,产生严重的环境危害,将固体废物分离后,分别进行资源化利用。同时,按照国标法对新工艺废水的各项指标进行测定,与传统工艺污染程度进行比较,得出新工艺总磷和色度减排达50%以上,废水总量、COD和悬浮物(SS)减排达70%以上,氨氮减排达83%,耗酸量减少85%,废水可生化性提高,易于生化处理。最后,分析了污染减轻的原因。总磷、色度、COD和氨氮污染减轻的原因在于工艺中间环节产生的固体废物带走了大部分此类污染,酸用量减少是由于分离出固体废物导致待水解的原料减量所致。Based on a bench-scale experiment of extracting diosgenin from Dioscrea nipponica Makino,this paper proposed a new extraction technique against the conventional diosgenin extracting process that has been notorious for causing severe pollution by discharging large amounts of wastes.Use of gravimetric analysis resulted in the main components of Dioscrea nipponica Makino： cellulose（35.6%）,starch（24.4%） and lignin（3.4%）,all of which used to be thrown away as wastes with diosgenin being extracted in the conventional process.The new extracting method features removal of the wastes,as above-mentioned,in advance using different methods such as centrifugal separation prior to acid hydrolysis and extraction of diosgenin,thus cutting out a great deal of pollutants used to be discharged with diosgenin extracting wastewater,with decreases of COD and SS more than 70% and NH3-N 83%.Besides,consumption of acid for acid hydrolysis was greatly curtailed,which led to betterment of biodegradation of the wastewater.

关 键 词：穿龙薯蓣 皂素新工艺 污染 分析 

分 类 号：X38[环境科学与工程—环境工程]