汽车前部结构对骑自行车人颅脑损伤防护特性的影响  

Influence of Vehicle Frontal Structure on Protective Characteristics of Brain Injury of Bicyclist

作　　者：莫富灏[1] 杨济匡[1] 李松庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2011年第4期93-99,109,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展技术(863计划;2006AA110101);教育部'111计划'(111-2-11);教育部长江学者创新团队发展计划(531105050037)资助项目;湖南大学SKLVB自立研究课题(60870004)

摘　　要：以深入的事故调查为基础建立汽车—骑自行车人碰撞分析模型,提出可降低颅脑损伤风险的汽车前部结构改进措施。针对真实的汽车与自行车碰撞事故,采用多体动力学软件MADYMO进行事故重建,评估仿真模型及方法的有效性。通过定义轿车、SUV、MPV三种常用车型前部结构参数(包含保险杠高度、保险杠伸出长度、发动机罩前缘高度、发动机罩长度、发动机罩角度和挡风玻璃角度),分析汽车行驶速度以及前部结构对于骑自行车人颅脑损伤的影响,并讨论骑自行车人颅脑损伤防护的可行措施。仿真结果表明:汽车碰撞速度、发动机罩前缘高度和保险杠高度对骑自行车人颅脑损伤有显著影响;尤其对于轿车,适当地降低其发动机罩前缘及保险杠高度可以有效地降低骑自行车人颅脑损伤的风险。An analytic model of vehicle-bicyclist crash is developed based on in-depth accident investigations.The countermeasures for minimizing the brain injury risk of bicyclist are suggested through an improvement of vehicle frontal structure.The multi-body（MB） program MADYMO is used to reconstruct the real-world accidents for evaluating the analytic model and method.The frontal structure parameters of three common types of passenger vehicles（Sedan,SUV and MPV） are defined in this study,including bumper height,bumper protrusion,height of hood leading edge,hood length,hood angle,windscreen angle.Influences of velocity and frontal structure of vehicle on bicyclist brain injury are analyzed.Moreover,some feasible measures for protecting bicyclist brain traffic injury are discussed.The simulation results indicate that vehicle collision velocity has remarkable effect on severity of bicyclist brain injury.The design parameters,such as height of hood leading edge and bumper also affect the brain injury risk,especially for the sedan.Therefore the brain injury risk of bicyclist can be decreased by properly reducing the height of sedan＇s bonnet leading edge and bumper.

关 键 词：骑自行车人 颅脑交通伤 多体动力学 事故重建 

分 类 号：U462[机械工程—车辆工程]