某汽车公司铸造厂工人腰背痛的危险因素分析  

Risk factors analysis of low back pain among workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company

作　　者：孙敬智[1] 凌瑞杰[1] 王正伦[1] 宋挺博[1] 陈飚[1] 吴磊[1] 吴家兵[2] 杨秋玲[2] 何丽华[3] 王生[3] 杨磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系环境与健康教育部重点实验室,武汉430030 [2]十堰市东风职业病防治所 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2011年第2期108-111,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑项目资助（2006BA106808）

摘　　要：目的通过横断面流行病学调查，寻找汽车铸造厂作业工人腰背痛的主要危险因素，为此类疾患的预防提供科学依据。方法在某汽车公司铸造厂对1340名工人进行腰背痛和劳动负荷问卷调查，利用logistic回归进行危险因素分析。结果铸造厂工人的腰背痛年患病率为58．9％，其中铸造、物流和造型工种工人腰背痛年患病率较高，分别为64．6％、64．6％和62．5％。以不适体位搬举、大幅度弯腰、弯腰与转身并存及搬运重物这些负荷因素导致患腰背痛危险性最高，其OR值分别为2．085、1．961、1．967和1．956。各个危险因素在不同工种中的分布不同。多元logistic回归分析表明，搬运重物、不适体位搬举、大幅度弯腰、弯腰与转身并存及工龄和性别均被选入模型。结论手工搬运重物、不良劳动姿势或二者同时存在是导致腰背痛的首要危险因素，应从这方面人手，加强工效学干预研究，减少此类疾患。Objective To study the main risk factors of low back pain of workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company using cross sectional epidemiological investigation, and to provide scientific base for preventing the disorder. Methods The low back pain and work loads of 1340 workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company were investigated using questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. Results The one-year morbidity of low back pain in workers was 58.9%the morbidities of low back pain in workers engaged in foundry, transportation and modeling were 64.6 %, 64.6 % and 62.5 %, respectively. The lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting and moving the heave objects were found to be the most dominant risk factors for low-back pain, the OR values were 2.085, 1.961, 1.967 and 1.956, respectively. The distributions of risk factors were different among the different jobs. The logistic regression analysis showed that moving the heave objects, lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting existed simultaneously, also the work years and gender were the risk factors. Conclusion The manual moving heave objects, awkward working posture or both were the most important risk factors for low-back pain. The intervene ergonomic study should be performed in future to reduce the morbidity of low-back pain.

关 键 词：腰痛 全身负荷 危险因素 

分 类 号：R6[医药卫生—外科学]