转基因家蚕的研究进展及应用前景  

Progress and application prospect of transgenic silkworm

作　　者：周启升[1] 于奇[1] 刘庆信[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学发育遗传学研究室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2011年第2期197-210,共14页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：山东省海外高层次人才专项基金项目(72019)

摘　　要：转基因家蚕Bombyxmori是指利用分子生物学手段,将外源基因转移到家蚕染色体中,使之出现先前不具有的性状和产物,并且可以保持传代,在个体水平可以体现外源基因的功能,使外源基因获得大量表达。目前转基因家蚕研究主要以piggyBac转座系统为常用载体,绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)基因为常用报告基因,经显微注射法获得转基因家蚕的成功率可达40%。通过转基因家蚕技术已经探明了家蚕外源导入核受体基因BmFtz-F1,调控家蚕体壁半透明的BmBLOS2基因、蜕皮启动激素(ecdysis-triggering hormone,ETH)基因以及家蚕抗菌肽CecB(cecropin B)基因的功能;获得了具有高品质、高细纤度、高拉伸强度和高弹性丝品种,能吐带绿色荧光或粉红色荧光的蚕丝品种,抗家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyxmori nucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)品种及抗藤黄微球菌的品种;成功表达纯化了人的Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白、人碱性纤维生长因子、人血清蛋白、人脑源性神经营养因子、人胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ、猫干扰素、单克隆抗体等生物活性蛋白、疫苗及特殊的生物材料。随着家蚕转基因技术的深入研究,转基因家蚕产物将在国防、军工、航天、医药等方面有着更为广阔的应用前景。Transgenic silkworm,Bombyx mori was generated by transferring foreign genes to its chromosome with molecular biological techniques and creating new traits and products,which could keep the generation and reflect the function of foreign genes with high expression.Recent studies showed that the piggyBac was the commonly used vector and the green fluorescent protein gene（GFP）was the commonly used reporter gene in the transgenic silkworm technology,and the success rate of the transgenic silkworm by microinjection was up to 40%.Through using transgenic silkworm technology,the function of BmFtz-F1,BmBLOS2,ETH and CecB genes of silkworm had been illuminated;new silkworm breeds with superior quality,high degree of fine fiber,high tensile strength,high flexibility,different fluorescences,and BmNPV resistance or Micrococcus luteus resistance had been established;and many biologically active proteins,vaccine and special biological materials,such as human type Ⅲ procollagen,human basic fibroblast growth factor,recombinant human serum albumin,human brain-derived neurotrophic factor,human insulin like growth factor I,cat interferon and monoclonal antibody,had been produced.With the further study of transgenic technology,transgenic silkworm products will have a broad application prospect in national defense,military industry,aerospace,medicine and so on.

关 键 词：家蚕 转基因 载体 报告基因 生物反应器 

分 类 号：Q963[生物学—昆虫学]