东灵山4种落叶阔叶次生林的物种组成与群落结构  

Species composition and community structure of four deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest in Dongling Mountain

作　　者：李亮[1,2] 刘海丰[1] 白帆[1,2] 祝燕[1] 李广起[1,2] 李文超[1] 桑卫国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生物多样性》2011年第2期243-251,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2008BAC39B02-03);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-430)

摘　　要：植被的群落构成是决定森林演替方向的重要因素之一。辽东栎林(Quercus wutaishanica forest,QWF)、棘皮桦林(Betula dahurica forest,BDF)、胡桃楸林(Juglans mandshurica forest,JMF)与杂木林(mixedforest,MF)是东灵山地区4种典型的暖温带落叶阔叶次生林。为了更好地了解东灵山地区暖温带落叶阔叶次生林植被动态,我们对该4种林型的物种组成与群落结构进行了综合分析。参照巴拿马(Barro Colorado Island,BCI)50ha热带雨林样地的技术规范,于2009年在北京东灵山地区以上4个林型中各建立了一块1ha样地,对样地中所有胸径大于1cm的木本个体进行了坐标定位和调查。结果表明,QWF样地有22种,属于20科20属;BDF样地共22种,属于16科18属;JMF样地30种,隶属于21科23属;MF样地19种,隶属于14科15属。从物种多度、平均胸径、胸高断面积和重要值等指标来看,各群落具有比较明显的优势种;4个样地所有树种的径级分布均呈倒"J"型,具有良好的更新层;共有树种的径级分布在不同样地有所不同,如辽东栎在QWF样地呈偏态分布,在BDF样地则为倒"J"型分布,而棘皮桦在QWF和BDF样地都呈正态分布,但是径级分布有所差异,表明径级结构与群落类型有密切关系。The following are typical communities in the secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests in the Dongling Mountain area： Quercus wutaishanica forest （QWF）, Betula dahurica forest （BDF）, Juglans mandshurica forest （JMF） and mixed forest （MF）. Comprehensive research on species composition and community structure of these four forest types will contribute to a more thorough knowledge of the successional dynamics and ecological functions in warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests. Following the field protocol of the 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island in Panama, one 1-ha plot was established in each of these forest types in Dongling Mountain in 2009. In these plots, all free-standing trees 1 cm in diameter at breast height （DBH, 1.3 m above ground） were mapped, tagged, and identified to species. As for species composition, there were 22 species, belonging to 20 genera and 20 families in the QWF plot; 22 species, belonging to 18 genera and 16 families in the BDF plot; 30 species, belonging to 23 genera and 21 families in the JMF plot; and 19 species, belonging to 15 genera and 14 families in the MF plot. Data on species abundance, mean DBH, basal area and importance value indicated that the dominant species were obvious within each community. The size-class structure （DBH） of all species in the four plots generally conformed to a reverse ＂J＂ distribution, indicating good community regeneration. The size-class structure of a given species varied among plots, suggesting that size-class structure may be related to community type. For example, the size-class structure of Quercus wutaishanica showed a skewed normal distribution in the QWF plot, but a reverse ＂J＂ distribution in the BDF plot. The size-class structure of Betula dahurica showed a normal distribution in both the QWF plot and the BDF plot, but differed greatly in the range of DBH’s.

关 键 词：区系分析 群落结构 径级结构 天然次生林 东灵山 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]