鱼类线粒体DNA及其研究进展  

Mitochondrial DNA and Its Progresses in Fish

作　　者：陈四海[1,2] 区又君[1] 李加儿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2011年第3期13-20,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD09A14);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2008YD02);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(A200901D01);广东省科技计划项目(2007B020708005)

摘　　要：鱼类是脊椎动物中最原始而在种属数量上又最占优势的类群,其起源复杂,分布广泛,拥有丰富的遗传多样性。鱼类线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)同其他脊椎动物的mtRNA一样,呈共价闭合环状,是细胞核外具自主复制、转录和翻译能力的遗传因子。与核DNA相比,鱼类mtDNA具有分子较小、结构简单、进化速度快、遗传相对独立性和母系遗传等特点,是一个相对独立的复制单位。由于鱼类线粒体DNA具有上述特点,以mtDNA作为分子标记,探讨鱼类的群体遗传结构与系统演化,已成为鱼类分子群体遗传学和系统学研究中的热点。综述了鱼类mtDNA的结构特征、进化和多态性检测方法及其在鱼类分子群体遗传学和鱼类系统学研究中的应用。Fish with most primitive and species of vertebrates has complex origin,widely distributes in various water bodies,and holds rich genetic diversity.Fish mtDNA,like other vertebrate mtRNA,is covalently closed circular,and is outside the nucleus with self-replication,transcription and translation capabilities of the genetic factor.Compared with nuclear DNA,fish mtDNA which has the small elements,simple structure,fast evolution,relative genetic independence,and maternal inheritance,is a relatively independent replication unit.Because of the characteristic,mtDNA as a molecular marker to investigate the population structure and fish evolution,has become the fish population genetics and systematics research focus.This paper were reviewed the structure,genetic characteristics,evolution,methods of detecting polymorphism of mtDNA,and its application to the molecular population genetics of fish and molecular phylogenetic.

关 键 词：鱼类 MTDNA 多态性 分子群体遗传学 分子系统学 

分 类 号：Q523[生物学—生物化学]