淮河流域某县水体富营养化及水体、底泥微囊藻毒素污染状况研究  

Eutrophication of water bodies and pollutions of microcystins in water and sediments in X County in the Huai River Basin

作　　者：田大军[1] 郑唯韡[1] 韦霄[1] 张皓[1] 陈涵一[1] 何民富[2] 孙新[2] 郑玉新[2] 张二鹏[3] 蒋颂辉[1] 庞磊[1] 杨功焕[2] 屈卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]公共卫生安全教育部重点实验室复旦大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室,上海200032 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心 [3]河南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《卫生研究》2011年第2期158-162,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国务院淮河肿瘤综合防治II期项目2007-2020(No.1310800003);“十一五”科技支撑计划(No.2006BAI19B02);上海市曙光计划(No.07SG01)

摘　　要：目的研究淮河流域某县不同水体中富营养化状态和藻类及微囊藻毒素的污染状况。方法分别于平水期(5月)和丰水期(8月),采集淮河流域某县S河、Y河和代表性池塘的水和底泥,国标方法测定水中总氮、总磷、叶绿素a、化学耗氧量、藻细胞密度;利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中溶解性、藻细胞内和底泥中微囊藻毒素MC-LF/LR/LW/RR/YR。结果该县水污染严重,氮磷严重超标,多数检测指标处于Ⅲ类～劣Ⅴ类水质。干流S河以总氮污染最为严重(4.78mg/L),丰水期水质显著好于平水期(P<0.05)。内河Y河和池塘水则是丰水期水质劣于平水期,池塘水中叶绿素a浓度最高达648.4mg/m3。不同水体平水期蓝藻比例低于10%,丰水期急剧增高至40%,成为优势藻,池塘水蓝藻占44%。水中溶解性、藻细胞内、底泥中的主要微囊藻毒素为MC-RR,水中MC-RR浓度最高达17.731μg/L,底泥中MC-RR浓度最高达0.802μg/g,而多数样品中MC-LR/LF/LR/YR检出率和浓度均较低。结论该县水体处于中度和重度富营养化状态,丰水期底泥中的MC-RR含量显著高于平水期(P<0.05)。Objective The purpose of the study is to investigate the status of eutrophication,the polluted situation of algae and microcystins in different water bodies of X County in the Huai River Basin.Method Superficial water and sediment samples were taken from S River,Y River and a representative ditch in May 2010（median-water period） and August（high water period）.Chemical oxygen demand（COD）,total nitrogen（TN）,total phosphorus（TP）,chlorophyll a（Chl a） and algal density were detected by the recommended methods of national standard microcystin-LF/LR/LW/RR/YR in water（dissolved form）,algal cells and sediments were detected by solid phase extraction and HPLC.Results Water pollutions in rivers and ditches of X County were serious,and total nitrogen and total phosphorus significantly exceed to the national standard for surface water quality.Most indexes of the water quality ranged from grade III to worse than grade V of national standard.Total nitrogen（4.78mg/L） was most serious pollutions in the mainstream of S river,the water quality in high water period was better than in median-water period（P 0.05）.However,water quality in inner river Y and ditch in high water period was worse than in median-water period.Maximum chlorophyll a in ditch water reached 648.4mg/m3.The percent of cyanobacteria in various water bodies was less than 10% in median-water period,increasedsharply to 40% and became dominant species in high water period.The maximum percentage of cyanobacteria was 44% in ditch.Microcystin-RR was the main toxin detected in water（dissolved form）,algal cells and sediments.Maximum MC-RR in water and sediments reached 17.731μg/L and 0.802μg/g,respectively.The detected frequencies and concentrations of MC-LF/LR/LW/YR in most samples were low.Conclusion Water bodies in X County were between middle eutrophication and hyper-eutrophication.Microcystin-RR of sediments in high water period were significant higher than in median-water period（P 0.05）.

关 键 词：水体富营养化 水体 底泥 蓝藻 微囊藻毒素 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]