黄荆精油的提取和对5种储粮害虫的致毒作用  

Extraction of Vitex negundo Essential Oil and the Intoxicating Actionof Extracts to Five Main Stored-Product Insect Pests

作　　者：卢传兵[1,2] 刘雨晴[1,3] 薛明[1] 王洪涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植保学院,泰安271018 [2]烟台市植保站,烟台264001 [3]河南省科学院天然产物重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2011年第3期75-80,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(Y2006D13);山东省教育厅项目(J04C06)

摘　　要：为明确不同提取方法对黄荆精油的提取效果和黄荆精油对主要储粮害虫的毒力差异,采用水蒸气蒸馏法、二氯甲烷提取法和超临界CO2萃取法,分别从泰山黄荆(Vitex negundo)叶片和种子中提取精油,研究了水蒸气蒸馏提取的黄荆叶片精油对绿豆象、谷蠹、玉米象、锯谷盗和赤拟谷盗的毒力及杀虫作用方式。结果表明:黄荆叶片或种子中的精油均以超临界CO2萃取的提取率最高,水蒸气蒸馏的提取率最低,叶片精油的提取率前者是后者的5.39倍,但对玉米象成虫的综合毒力后者却是前者的5.95倍。水蒸气蒸馏法从黄荆叶片中获得的精油对绿豆象、谷蠹、玉米象、锯谷盗和赤拟谷盗,不仅具有很高的触杀、驱避和综合杀虫毒效,且对种群有持续控制作用,作为储粮保护剂的开发价值大。To determine the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and the intoxicating action of Vitex negundo essential oil to main stored - product insect pests, the steam distillation, cold - dip and supercritical CO2 methods were used to extract the essential oil in the seeds and leaves of V. negundo collected from Taishan Moun- tain. The virulence and action modes of the aqueous extract from V. negundo, leaves to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulky, Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linne. and Callosobruehus ehinensis Linne. were also studied. The results were as follows： distilling efficiency of supereritical CO2 methods was the highest and that of the steam distillation was the lowest. The distilling efficiency of essential oil from leaves was 5.39 times higher than that of the latter. However, the compositive toxicity to S. zeamais of the latter was 5.95 times higher than of the former. Aqueous extract from V. negundo, leaves to S. zeamais, R. dominica, T. castaneum, O. surinamensis and C. chinensis had not only high contact toxicity, repellent effect and compositive toxicity, but also sustainable population control effect. It indicated that it had produced high value as grain protectant.

关 键 词：黄荆 精油 提取方法 储粮害虫 致毒作用 

分 类 号：S482.39[农业科学—农药学]