保水剂和施肥量对沙地燕麦生产的影响  

Effects of Different Superabsorbent Polymer and Fertilization Rates on Forage Oat(Avena sativa L.) Production in Sandland

作　　者：毛思帅[1,2,1,2] M.Robiul Islam 贾鹏飞[1] 薛绪掌[2] 曾昭海[1] 胡跃高[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]国家农业信息技术研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2011年第2期308-313,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B02);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-009-2)

摘　　要：为给保水剂在沙地燕麦生产中的应用提供依据,在吉林白城雨养贫瘠沙地条件下,采用完全随机设计,研究了不同施肥水平下保水剂对燕麦秸秆和籽粒产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,在4个复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O:15-15-15)施用量(375、300、225和150kg·hm-2)下,与对照相比,施用保水剂(60kg·hm-2)使燕麦平均秸秆产量、籽粒产量、地上部和地下部生物量分别增加38.58%、22.60%、32.02%和24.59%,差异均显著(P<0.05);叶、茎、籽粒平均粗蛋白含量分别增加0.65、4.09和2.58个百分点,相对饲用价值分别增加13.28、7.6和18.57个百分点;相对增加了耕层土壤养分(全N、速效P、速效K)含量,对0～10cm土层影响显著。肥料施用量显著影响燕麦秸秆产量、籽粒产量、地上和地下部生物量、植株粗蛋白含量和0～30cm土层养分含量。施用保水剂可显著提高籽粒产量平均肥料利用效率29.6%。60kg·hm-2保水剂和375kg·hm-2肥料施用量组合下燕麦产量最高,品质最优。A completely randomized design was used to investiagte the effects of superabsorbent polymer（SAP） application in oat production.Impact of SAP on forage yield and quality of oat（leaf,stem and grain）,as well as soil nutrient status were investigated under different fertilization levels in an arid sandy field of Baicheng city of Jilin province under rainfed condition.The results indicated： under four compound fertilizer（N-P2O5-K2O：15-15-15） levels（375,300,225 and 150 kg·hm-2）,compared with without SAP,the application of 60 kg·hm-2 SAP increased mean straw yield,grain yield,above-and below-ground biomass of oat by 38.58,22.60,32.02 and 24.59%,respectively,which was significant（P0.05）.Crude protein content in leaf,stem and grain increased significantly by 0.65,4.09 and 2.58 percentage points,respectively.Relative feed values also increased significantly by 13.28,7.6 and 18.57 percentage points,respectively.Soil nutrient content（total N,available P and K） increased relatively with SAP application.This effect was significant in the 0~10 cm depth of the soil.Fertilizer application rates significantly affected straw yield,grain yield,below-and above-ground biomass of oat.Fertilizer application rates also significantly affected Crude Protein content of oat and sharply affected nutrient content in the soil（0~30 cm）.Compared with without SAP,the application of 60 kg·hm-2SAP improved fertilizer use efficiency of grains significantly by 29.6%.The yield and quality was highest under the combination 60 kg·hm-2SAP and fertilizer application of 375 kg·hm-2.

关 键 词：燕麦 保水剂 肥料 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学] S311