水生植物对金属矿山丁铵黑药污染的生长响应与植物修复  

Growth response and phytoremediation of several species of hydrophytes to ammonium butyl aerofloat in metal mines

作　　者：黄显东[1,2] 莫测辉[1,2] 李彦文[1,2] 邹星[1,2] 高鹏[1,2] 吴小莲[1,2] 陈丽娜[1,2] 谢汝芹[1,2] 叶斯琪[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学环境工程系,广州510632 [2]广东省高校水土环境毒害性污染物防治与生物修复重点实验室,广州510632

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第2期255-260,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：教育部博士点专项科研基金(200805590005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(21610410;21609709);国家自然科学基金项目(40773062);广东省自然科学基金重点项目(07117909);暨南大学"国家大学生创新性实验计划"项目(091055904)

摘　　要：为了利用植物修复技术治理选矿有机药剂污染的土壤和水体,该文在添加不同浓度丁铵黑药的营养液中种植3种水生植物,探讨其对丁铵黑药污染的生长响应、修复效果及其动力学特征。结果表明,不同植物对丁铵黑药污染的耐受能力大小顺序为轮叶黑藻>水葫芦>水浮莲。当丁铵黑药污染质量浓度为10 mg/L时水浮莲显示轻度毒害症状,生长量显著低于空白对照(未加丁铵黑药);污染质量浓度为50 mg/L时水浮莲和水葫芦均显示中度毒害症状,生长量均显著低于空白对照。各植物处理对丁铵黑药的去除率均显著高于对照组(无植物处理),各植物处理之间也存在显著差异,大小顺序依次为水葫芦>水浮莲>轮叶黑藻。水葫芦能有效去除水溶液中的丁铵黑药,水培28 d可使质量浓度为10 mg/L的丁铵黑药去除率达78%,在丁铵黑药的去除过程中,水葫芦的吸收与降解占76.3%,微生物降解作用占7.8%,自然降解的贡献率占15.8%,可筛选水葫芦为丁铵黑药污染的高效修复植物。For applying phytoremediation to control the soil and water polluted by floatation organic reagents,three species of hydrophytes were cultivated in nutrient solution spiked with different concentrations of ammonium butyl aerofloat to investigate their growth response and phytoremediation to ammonium butyl aerofloat.The results showed that the resistance capability of hydrophytes to ammonium butyl aerofloat pollution was Hydrilla verticillata Eichhornia crassipes SolmsPistia stratiotes L.When the mass concentration of ammonium butyl aerofloat was 10 mg/L,mild intoxication was observed for Pistia stratiotes L,and its growth was significantly lower than the blank control（no ammonium butyl aerofloat added）.When the mass concentration was up to 50 mg/L,moderate intoxication was observed for both Pistia stratiotes L and Eichhornia crassipes Solms,and their growth was both significantly lower than the blank control.The removal rates of ammonium butyl aerofloat in hydrophytes treatments were all significantly higher than the control（no hydrophytes planted）,and the removal rates among hydrophytes treatments also varied significantly in the following order： Eichhornia crassipes SolmsPistia stratiotes LHydrilla verticillata.Eichhornia crassipes Solms can effectively remove the ammonium butyl aerofloat.A removal rate of up to 78% to 10 mg/L ammonium butyl aerofloat was obtained after 28 days.As plant uptake took up 76.3%,microorganism did about 7.8%,and the contribution rate of natural degradation was up to 15.8% to the total degradation of ammonium butyl aerofloat,Eichhornia crassipes Solms could be screened as a plant with high phytoremediation efficiency to ammonium butyl aerofloat pollution.

关 键 词：尾矿库 废水 污染 修复 去除率 水生植物 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]