不同复垦模式及复垦年限对土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns and reclamation years on microbes in reclaimed soil

作　　者：樊文华[1] 白中科[2,3] 李慧峰[1,4] 乔俊耀[1] 许建伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801 [2]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [3]国土资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035 [4]咸阳师范学院继续教育学院,咸阳712000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第2期330-336,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业专项"典型矿区破坏土地生态复垦技术开发与示范"(200911015)

摘　　要：为了研究不同复垦年限及复垦植被模式对复垦土壤生物肥力的影响,通过野外调查和采样分析,对平朔安太堡露天煤矿不同复垦年限及复垦植被模式下和原地貌(对照)土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌3种微生物的数量及变化进行了研究。结果表明:1)从微生物总数来看,随着复垦年限的增加,微生物总数呈增加的趋势,复垦13a的土壤微生物总数达到了624.35×105～1448.19×105cfu/g,平均可达1183.01×105cfu/g(除自燃地外),最高的和原地貌已相当。2)在不同复垦年限及复垦模式复垦地0～20cm表层土壤微生物三大类区系组成中,细菌数量占绝对优势(95%以上),放线菌数量次之,真菌数量最少。3)不同复垦植被配置方式对复垦土壤微生物数量的增加作用不同。在同一地点不同复垦模式复垦7a的土壤中微生物数量的变化趋势是紫穗槐>沙枣>沙棘。不同复垦模式复垦13a,从微生物角度评价它们的生态效益是:云杉×油松×落叶松>刺槐×油松×榆树>刺槐×柠条>冰草×刺槐×柠条。4)从土壤微生物与复垦土壤养分的相关系数来看,细菌数量和微生物总数与土壤有机质、碱解氮含量呈显著正相关。For researching the effects of different reclamation modes and reclamation years on reclaimed soil biological fertility quality,the microbes quantity and changes were studied in reclaimed soil with different reclamation modes and reclamation years in Antaibao large opencast coal mine.The results showed that total amounts of microbes in reclaimed soil increased with reclamation years,after 13 years of reclamation,the microbes quantity in reclaimed soils came from 624.35×105 cfu/g to 1448.19×105 cfu/g,with an average of 1183.01×105 cfu/g,and the maximum was near to the amount of soil microbes in original geography soil.Bacteria amounts were predominant （more than 95%）,actinomyces amounts were the next,and fungi amounts were the least among composition of three communities of soil microbes.Different types of vegetation restoration were different in improving soil microbes.After 7 years of reclamation,total amounts of microbes in reclaimed soil with different vegetation restoration modes was Amorpha fruticosaElaeagnus angustifoliaHippophae rhamnoides.After 13 years of reclamation,the ecological benefit of different mode were Picea meyeri×Pinus tabulaeformis×Larix principis-rupprechiiRobinia pseudoacacia×Pinus tabulaeformis×Ulmus pumilaRobinia pseudoacacia×Caragana korshinskiiAgropyron cristatum×Robinia pseudoacacia×Caragana korshinskii by evaluation of soil microbes.The correlation analysis showed that soil bacterium and microorganism total quantity were obviously positive correlation with soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen.

关 键 词：土壤微生物 复垦模式 复垦年限 露天煤矿 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]