去垢剂在膜蛋白纯化和结晶中应用的研究进展  

Progresses in Selection of Detergents for Membrane Protein Purification and Crystallization

作　　者：张辰艳[1] 张仙芳[1] 郭云珠[1] 郭卫红[1] 尹大川[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学生命学院空间生物实验模拟技术国防重点学科实验室,西安710072

出　　处：《材料导报》2011年第5期73-78,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10772150);国家博士点基金(200806990011);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-06-0885)

摘　　要：解析膜蛋白结构并研究其功能是当前生物学领域最前沿的研究热点之一。但是由于膜蛋白疏水结构域的存在,蛋白在水相环境中容易聚合,造成其纯化乃至结晶过程有较大困难,是膜蛋白结构解析的最主要瓶颈之一。去垢剂作为一种双极性分子,是目前解决膜蛋白纯化与结晶问题的关键材料,它能在水相环境中维持膜蛋白构象的稳定,因此在膜蛋白纯化和结晶中得到了广泛的应用。讨论了去垢剂理化性质、膜蛋白纯化和结晶中去垢剂的选择及一些新兴去垢剂的发展等问题。Structure determination and function study of membrane proteins is one of the most concerned issues in the current researches of biology. Due to the existence of non-polar hydrophobic domain in the membrane proteins, they tend to aggregate in aqueous environment, resulting in the difficulties in purification and crystallization processes, and hence one of major bottlenecks during the structure determination of membrane proteins. Detergent is bipolar mo- lecule, a key material for solving the problems of purification and crystallization of membrane proteins. These mate- rials can stabilize the conformation of the membrane proteins in aqueous solution, thus are widely utilized in purifica- tion and crystallization of membrane proteins. This review will deal with the physical and chemical characteristics of detergents, the method of selecting the detergents for the purification and crystallization, and the recent progresses in developing new detergents.

关 键 词：膜蛋白 去垢剂 结构生物学 纯化和结晶 

分 类 号：Q786[生物学—分子生物学]