黄土沟壑区王东沟流域苹果品质限制性生态因子探析  

Limiting Ecological Factors Evaluation of High-Quality Apple at Wangdonggou Watershed in Loess Gully Region

作　　者：张义[1,2,3] 谢永生[2,3] 郝明德[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所/黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710075 [2]西北农林科技大学 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第6期1184-1190,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB118604);国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD31B01);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09-07)

摘　　要：【目的】找出限制苹果品质进一步提高的生态因子,以最大化地实现系统内自然资源的可持续利用。【方法】以黄土沟壑区的典型代表王东沟流域为研究区,借助主成分分析法和多因素模糊综合评价对该流域苹果生长的生态适宜度进行综合量化评价。【结果】王东沟流域苹果生态适宜度综合效益指数达到0.74,属于中上等水平,从理论上量化了黄土沟壑区为中国优质苹果的适生区;并指出影响该流域苹果品质的生态因子中,土壤全氮和有机质含量的隶属度值最低,分别为0.34和0.35,其次是年降水量,其隶属度值也仅为0.62,而年均温、≥10℃年积温、1月中旬均温、夏季(6—9月)温度日较差、土壤有效磷、有效钾等生态因子的隶属度值均较高,条件较优。【结论】黄土沟壑区王东沟流域苹果品质的限制性生态因子为土壤全氮和有机质含量及年降水量,从调控该流域苹果园的肥、水资源入手,将有助于促进黄土沟壑区苹果品质的稳步提高。【Objective】 Ecological factors have very important effects on apple qualities.So it is very important to find out the ecological factors limiting the quality of apple in apple production.【Method】Taking Wangdonggou Watershed in Loess Gully Region as a case,the ecological factors of apple were evaluated by using principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.【Result】 In the study area,the ecological suitability was at the level of basically well,with the integrated ecological indices（IEI） being 0.74.It was also quantified that the Loess Gully Region is a good region for growing apple in China.Soil total nitrogen TN,organic matter（OM） and annual precipitation were the ecological factors limiting the quality of apple in Loess Gully Region,and their membership degrees were 0.34,0.35,and 0.62,respectively.However,the annual mean temperature,the ≥10℃accumulated temperature,the mean temperature in mid-January,the daily range of temperature in summer,the available P and the available K all reached the extremely well level.【Conclusion】According to the above results,a new way was raised for improvement of the quality of apple.

关 键 词：苹果 限制性生态因子 隶属度 主成分分析 模糊综合评价 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]