25种植物提取物杀灭鱼类指环虫活性研究  

Study on the activity 25 natural plant extracts killing the Dactylogyrus

作　　者：王高学[1] 赵云奎[1] 申烨华[2] 郑伟[3] 袁明[1] 陈俏[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北大学化学与材料科学学院,陕西西安710069 [3]西北有色金属研究院材料分析中心,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第1期73-76,共4页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2002B08);陕西省"13115"科技创新工程重大科技专项基金资助项目(2009ZDKG-69)

摘　　要：目的筛选出对指环虫具有杀灭活性的植物。方法将感染有指环虫的金鱼投放在加有一定浓度植物提取物的水体中,控制一定的水体条件,显微镜下定期观察鱼鳃上的指环虫数量,最后统计杀虫率。结果黄花烟草、牵牛子对中型指环虫最高杀灭率均为90%,其次是茶粕和贯众,分别为70%和55%。苦楝、80%印楝、10%雷公藤、雷丸、使君子、鹤虱、白鲜皮、山豆根、半夏、川乌、千金子、木鳖子、阿魏、补骨脂、巴豆、天南星、大戟、仙鹤草的最高杀虫率48 h内均在10%～50%。黄花烟草的最佳有效浓度是80.0 mg/L;茶粕最低用量为6.5 mg/L,但对鱼不安全,在9.5 mg/L时鱼死亡率达60%以上;在药物浓度100～1000 mg/L范围内,柴胡、白头翁、姜黄提取物没有明显杀虫活性。结论黄花烟草、牵牛子具有较好的杀虫活性,可以作为进一步研究的材料。Aim To screen out plants active in killing the Dactylogyrus.Methods Put goldfish infectedby the Dactylogyrus in water which has been added plant extracts of a certain concentration,controling essential water condition,observe Dactylogyrus′number of fish gills under the microscope regularly,finally count the rate of pesticide.Results Both the extracts of Nicotiana tabacum and Pharbitis nil Choisy had the highest killing rate of 90%,followed by Tea seed flakes and Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakal,70% and 55% respectively.The highest rate of pesticide.was 10%~50% in 48 hours for such plant extracts as Melia azedarach L.,80%Azadriachta indica,10% Tripterygium wilfordil,Polyporus mylittae,Qusqualis indica L.,Carpesium abrotanoides L.,Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz,Bupleurum chinense,Pulsatilla chinensis Regel,Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep,Penellia ternate Breit.,Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.,Euphorba lathyris L.,Momordica cochinchinensis,Ferula sinkiangensis,Psoralea corylifolia,Croton tiglium,Arisaema erubescens,Euphoria pekinensis,Curcuma longa L.and Agrimonia pilosa.The best concentration of Nicotiana tabacum was 80 mg·L-1;the lowest dosage of Tea seed flakes was 6.5 mg·L-1,but it was unsafe to fish,the death rate of fish was above 60% if its dosage exceed 9.5 mg·L-1;Bupleurum chinense,Pulsatilla chinensis Regel and Curcuma longa L.had no insecticidal activity when the extracts′ concentration was in the range of 100~1 000 mg·L-1.Conclusion Nicotiana tabacum and Pharbitis nid Choisy had good insecticidal activity,worthy of further study.

关 键 词：植物提取物 杀虫活性 指环虫 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]