覆盖方式对烟草光合速率及耕层环境的影响  

Effect of Mulching Method on Photosynthesis and Soil Environment of Tobacco

作　　者：徐国伟[1] 陈明灿[1] 王旭刚[1] 孙会忠[1] 李友军[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2011年第2期64-68,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：洛阳市科技局(LY2008-06);河南科技大学博士基金(09001272)

摘　　要：以烤烟品种中烟100为材料,在大田环境下,采用随机区组设计,设置秸秆覆盖(JG)、塑料地膜覆盖(DM)、液体地膜覆盖(YM)和露地栽培(CK)4种栽培方式,研究不同覆盖方式对烟草光合速率、荧光特性、土壤含水量、土壤脲酶活性、土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:团棵期,植株叶片光合速率以地膜覆盖处理最大,为2.74μmol/(m2.s);打顶期,以秸秆覆盖处理最大,为2.85μmol/(m2.s)。就荧光参数而言,团棵期,地膜覆盖处理的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo最大,分别为0.86、6.22;打顶期,秸秆覆盖处理Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo最大,分别为15.01、0.75、3.04。就土壤中各酶活性而言,团棵期,所测土壤3种酶活性表现为:3个覆盖处理明显高于对照处理,但不同覆盖处理间差异较小;旺长期,秸秆覆盖处理明显高于其他处理,地膜覆盖与液膜覆盖处理间差异较小。3种覆盖处理均能提高土壤含水量,但不同覆盖处理间效果不同,表现为DM>YM>JG>CK。随着土层的变深,土壤含水量总体增加。土层深度达到30～40cm时,覆盖方式间差异较小。综合比较,烟草生长前期以地膜覆盖较好,后期以秸秆覆盖较好。In this study,Zhongyan-100 was chosen as the test materials.Four cultivation methods,straw mulch（JG）,plastic film mulching（DM）,the liquid plastic film mulching（YM） and open field cultivation（CK） cultivars were set up to evaluate the effect of mulching method on tobacco photosynthesis,fluorescent characteristic,water content of soil as well as the soil enzyme,etc.by using randomized block design in field conditions.The results show that photosynthesis rate under the plastic film covering（2.74 μmol/（m2·s）） was higher than that of the other treatments at the Mission stage.While after the Tip pruning stage,straw mulch treatment（2.85 μmol/（m2·s）） was best,the same trend can be observed between photosynthesis rate and fluorescent characteristic under the different cultivation methods.At the Mission stage,plastic film covering treatment improved soil enzyme activity significantly but the difference was little among the different mulch treatments;each enzyme activity under straw mulch treatment was higher significantly than the other treatment at Fast growing period and displayed consistency across the different soil layers.The difference was less between the mulching plastic cover and the fluid film mulch treatment,but three kind of mulch treatments were obviously higher than comparison treatment.The different mulch treatment can enhance the soil moisture content,but the difference varied a lot among the different mulch treatments.The effect performance is DMYMJGCK.Water content increased along with the depth of soil,but the difference among each mulching methods will became smaller at the 30-40 cm soil layer.In comparison,the best mulching was plastic in the earlier stage,while straw mulching was the optimal in the later stage.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 塑料地膜覆盖 液体地膜覆盖 烟草 光合荧光特性 土壤特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]