浙江南部沿海养殖刺参幼体对生态因子的适应性  

The Adaptability of Ecological Factors of Larva Apostichopus japonicus Selenka Cultured in Southern of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：胡利华[1] 张炯明[1] 周朝生[1] 郑金和[1] 肖国强[1] 刘伟成[1] 李小勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室,浙江温州325005

出　　处：《浙江海洋学院学报（自然科学版）》2011年第1期22-26,39,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：浙江省科技厅和温州市人民政府省市会商项目(2008C02009);温州市科技兴海项目(S20060038);乐清市科技计划项目(2007N059)

摘　　要：利用实验生态学方法,模拟浙江省南部自然海区生态环境条件,研究了温度、盐度、培育密度、投饵量、底质对刺参幼体(6.42±0.84 g)生长和存活的影响。结果表明:自然海水温度为(12.5±0.5)℃,盐度为27±0.3时,温度向上突变至30℃时,幼参在第2天和第6天的存活率分别为50%和20%;温度向下突变至0℃时,幼参在第4天和第6天的存活率分别为90%和50%;盐度向下突变至15时,幼参在第4 d和第6 d的存活率分别为80%和0%,向上突变至39时,幼参在第2天和第4天的存活率分别为70%和0%。实验周期30 d,温度10～15℃时,幼参第30 d的相对增重率显著高于其它各温度组(P﹤0.01),温度20℃时,幼参不夏眠;幼参分别在盐度24～30,培育密度20～40 ind/m2,日投饵量为刺参体质量6%～9%时,第30d的相对增重率显著高于其他各盐度组、培育密度组和日投饵量组;以水泥、轮胎、轮胎+瓦片、泥为底质,幼参第30 d的相对增重率和存活率均较好。在浙江省南部沿海海区环境条件下,幼参生长适宜温度为10～15℃,适宜盐度为24～30,最适培育密度为40 ind/m2,最适日投饵量为幼参体重的6%,室内水泥池养殖和潮间带网箱养殖是适宜的养殖方式。Effects of different environmental factors on the survival and growth of larva sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka were studied by using experimental ecological methods.The results showed that：Under normal seawater temperature（12.5±0.5） ℃ and seawater salinity（27±0.3）,the survival rate of larva sea cucumber respectively reached 50% and 20% on the 2nd day and 4th day when seawater temperature changed to 30 ℃ suddenly.The survival rate of larva sea cucumber was 90% and 50% on the 4th day and 6th day respectively when salinity was changed to 0 suddenly.The survival rate of larva sea cucumber was 80% and 0% on the 4th day and 6th day respectively when salinity was suddenly changed to 15 and the survival rate was 70% and 0% on the 2nd day and 4th day respectively when salinity was suddenly changed to 39.Experimental period was 30 d,when temperature was 10-15 ℃,the relative growth rate of larva sea cucumber on the 30th day significantly higher than other groups（P﹤0.01）,especially when temperature was 20 ℃,larva sea cucumber did not aestivation.The relative growth rate of larva sea cucumber on the 30th day higher than other groups when salinity was 24-30,density 20-40 ind/m2 and the daily baits quantity was 6%-9% of the weight of the group of larva sea cucumber,The relative growth rate and the survival rate of larva sea cucumber on the 30th day were better under substrate such as cement,tyre,tyre and tile,mud.Under the southern of Zhejiang sea area,the better condition of larva sea cucumber,growth was temperature 10-15 ℃,salinity 24-30,density 40 ind/m2 and daily baits quantity 6% of weight of larva sea cucumber,cement pools indoors breed and intertidal zone net case breed were eligible breeding modes.

关 键 词：刺参 温度 盐度 日投饵量 底质 相对增重率 

分 类 号：S966.9[农业科学—水产养殖]