东江源柑桔果园肥料、农药投入及潜在环境影响分析  

Input of Fertilizers and Pesticides in Citrus Orchards in Headwater Area of Dongjiang River and Its Potential Environmental Impact

作　　者：龚丽萍[1] 席运官[1] 刘明庆[1] 徐欣[1] 李德波[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2010年第A01期64-67,共4页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2009ZX07211-001)

摘　　要：采用入户调查方式分析了东江源柑桔果园肥料、农药投入状况及潜在环境影响。调查结果表明,温柑栽培的肥料、农药使用量低于脐橙;猪-沼-果、单一果树、有机栽培模式间肥料投入差异很大;农户仅凭经验施肥、施药的现象普遍存在,50%以上农户施肥过量,大部分农户年平均用药12~13次,给环境,尤其是水环境带来较大的污染风险。认为加强对果农的培训和技术指导,科学使用肥料与农药,调整果园品种结构,采用生态补偿机制促进有机栽培,是有效减少东江源柑桔果园对环境污染的重要举措。Through household interviews,input of fertilizers and pesticides in citrus orchards and its potential environmental impact in the headwater area of the Dongjiang River（HDR） was investigated and analyzed.Results show that the input is lower in cultivation of Wengan citrus than in that of navel orange.Inputs of fertilizers differ sharply between cultivation patterns,i.e.＂pig-biogas-fruit＂,＂fruit-tree only＂ and ＂organic＂.Moreover,the farmers generally apply fertilizers and spray pesticides only by experience.Over 50% of the farmers apply fertilizers excessively and most of them spray pesticides 12-13 times a year on average,which brings about a great pollution risk to the environment,especially water environment.Analysis shows that to intensify training and technical guidance of farmers in applying fertilizers and pesticides scientifically,to readjust the species composition of the orchards,and to promote organic cultivation through adoption of ecological compensation mechanisms are effective measures to reduce the environmental pollution caused by citrus orchards in HDR bring about to the environment.

关 键 词：柑桔 肥料 农药 栽培模式 环境影响 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]