高原移居者返平原后血压、心电图及心胸比率观察  

Changes in Blood Pressure,Electrocardiogram and Cardio-thoracic Ratio of People Returned to Plain from Plateau

作　　者：袁振才[1] 王显利[1] 侯明友[1] 廉栋[1] 周其全[2] 

机构地区：[1]中铁一局集团咸阳中心医院,陕西咸阳7120002 [2]中国人民解放军医第三军医大学,重庆400038

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第11期987-990,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的了解高原移居者返平原后血压、心电图及心胸比率的改变情况。方法于2008年4—10月选择参与青藏铁路二期工程施工且累计高原居留时间达6个月及以上的男性员工517人作为观察组,选择未参与青藏铁路施工且目前工作性质、劳动强度、年龄等因素与观察组大致相同的男性员工220人作为对照组,分别测量血压、心电图及心胸比率。结果观察组和对照组收缩压、舒张压、脉压均值差异无统计学意义。观察组低血压检出率高于对照组(P<0.05)。将年龄作为控制条件,收缩压与平均施工海拔呈负相关(r=-0.084,P=0.025),与返平原时间呈正相关(r=0.081,P=0.032);舒张压与返平原时间呈正相关(r=0.089,P=0.018);低血压检出率与平均施工海拔呈正相关(r=0.086,P=0.022),与返平原时间呈负相关(r=-0.121,P=0.001);低脉压检出率与平均施工海拔(r=0.088,P=0.018)及高原居留时间(r=0.092,P=0.014)呈正相关,与返平原时间呈负相关(r=-0.100,P=0.008)。对观察组和对照组心电图各指标间差异无统计学意义。观察组心胸比率均值大于对照组(P<0.05)。将年龄、体质指数作为控制因素,心胸比率与高原居留时间呈正相关(r=0.167,P=0.000),与返平原时间呈负相关(r=-0.137,P=0.001),与施工海拔相关性无统计学意义(r=0.061,P=0.145)。结论久居高原者返平原后若持续存在低血压、低脉压或心胸比率居高不下等情况,应视为高原脱适应症予以关注。Objective To understand the changes in blood pressure,electrocardiogram and cardio-thoracic ratio of the people who returned to the plain from the plateau.Methods In April and October,2008,517 male workers were selected from Qinghai-Tibet railway construction project as the investigated group who worked on the plateau for more than 6 months and 220 male workers were also chosen as the control group who did not participate that project but having the same research factors as those in the investigated group,like job category,labor intensity and age.The blood pressure,electrocardiogram and cardio-thoracic ratio（CTR）were investigated.Results No significant differences were seen in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and mean pulse pressure between two groups;a higher detection rate of low blood pressure was obtained in the investigated group（P0.05）.Taking age as a controlling factor,the systolic pressure was negatively correlated with the elevation（r=-0.084,P=0.025） and positively correlated with the length of period returned to the plain（r=0.081,P=0.032）;diastolic pressure was positively correlated with the length of period returned to plain（r=0.089,P=0.018）.the detection rate of low blood pressure presented a positive correlation（r=0.086,P=0.022）with the elevation,and had an inverse correlation（r=-0.121,P=0.001） with the length of period returned to the plain;detection rate of low pulse pressure had a positive correlation with both the elevation（r=0.088,P=0.018） and length of stay on plateau（r=0.092,P=0.014）,and had an inverse correlation with the length of period returned to the plain.In the investigated group,a higher CTR was observed（P0.05）.Taking age and body mass index as the controlling factor,CTR was positively correlated with the length of stay on the plateau（r=0.167,P=0.000） and was negatively correlated with the length of period returned to the plain（r=-0.137）.Conclusion Much more attention should be paid in low blood pressure and low pulse pres

关 键 词：高海拔 返平原 血压 心电图 心胸比率 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]