淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征  

Levels and Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Sediments in Main Stream of Huaihe River

作　　者：罗斌[1,2] 刘玲[1] 张金良[1] 谭凤珠[2] 孟伟[1] 郑丙辉[1] 赵秀阁[1] 张衍燊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境污染与健康创新基地,北京100012 [2]河北医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生教研室,河北石家庄050017

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第12期1122-1127,共6页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：淮河流域环境污染与健康调查项目

摘　　要：为客观描述淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征,并为进一步开展环境健康风险评价和环境综合治理提供科学依据。通过搜集1980—2009年有关淮河流域重金属的研究结果,整合分析淮河干流上50个采样断面沉积物中铬、锰、铜、锌、镉、铅、汞和砷等8种重金属的污染范围、程度及分布情况,并与其他流域沉积物的污染水平进行比较。结果显示铬在淮河干流沉积物中的平均含量为63.7 mg/kg(47.2～123.6 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中铬平均值的1.10倍,高于黄河、松花江、珠江口、海河干流和辽河流域沉积物中的水平。锰的平均含量为719 mg/kg(439～1 124 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物平均值的1.05倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和海河流域。铜的平均含量为29.9 mg/kg(6.0～65.6 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中铜含量平均值的1.42倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和辽河流域。锌的平均含量为79.2 mg/kg(39.2～230.1 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中锌含量平均值的1.16倍,高于长江和黄河流域。镉的平均含量为0.29 mg/kg(0.10～0.96 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中镉含量平均值的2.07倍,高于长江和辽河流域。铅的平均含量为29.5 mg/kg(17.3～72.8 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中平均值的1.18倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和辽河流域。汞的平均含量为0.08 mg/kg(0.03～0.36 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中汞含量平均值的2.00倍,高于淮河、长江、黄河和辽河流域。砷的平均含量为12.6 mg/kg(9.0～21.8 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中砷含量平均值的1.38倍,高于长江、松花江、珠江口和辽河流域。淮河干流沉积物中8种重金属含量大于我国水系沉积物中重金属平均值的断面百分比从高到低排序为砷>镉>锌>汞>铜>锰>铬>铅,分别为90.5%,88.1%,68.0%,66.7%,65.8%,57.6%,55.3%和50.0%。综述显示,与我国其他流域相比,淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量总体处于较高水平,其中�To describe the levels and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediments in the main stream of Huaihe River,the papers from 1980-2009 on heavy metals in Huaihe River basin were collected and the scope,the extent and the distribution of 8 kinds of heavy metals,including chromium（Cr）,manganese（Mn）,copper（Cu）,zinc（Zn）,cadmium（Cd）,lead（Pb）,mercury（Hg） and arsenic（As）,were analyzed in 50 sediment samples sections of Huaihe River,and were compared with the related levels in the other basins.The results showed that in sediments of Huaihe River,the average level of Cr was 63.7 mg/kg（48.2 mg/kg-123.6 mg/kg）,the average level of Mn in was 719 mg/kg（439 mg/kg-1 124 mg/kg）,the average level of Cu was 29.9 mg/kg（6.0 mg/kg-65.6 mg/kg）,the average level of Zn was 79.2 mg/kg（39.2 mg/kg-230.1 mg/kg）,the average level of Cd was 0.29 mg/kg（0.10 mg/kg-0.96 mg/kg）,the average level of Pb was 29.5 mg/kg（17.3 mg/kg-72.8 mg/kg）,the average level of Hg was 0.08 mg/kg（0.03 mg/kg-0.36 mg/kg）,the average level of As was 12.6 mg/kg（9.0 mg/kg-21.8 mg/kg）.The percentage of cross-section where the levels of heavy metals in sediments of Huaihe River were higher compared with the average of China,ranked as follows： 90.5% for As,88.1% for Cd,68.0% for Zn,66.7% for Hg,65.8% for Cu,57.6% for Mn,55.3% for Cr and 50.0% for Pb,respectively.The levels of heavy metals in Huaihe River sediments are at a relative high level compared with other river basins in China.Of them,the Cr and Mn are the most serious pollution,Cr is the second only to the content of loess sediments of the Yangtze River,Mn is the second only to the content of the Huaihe River Basin sediments.

关 键 词：淮河 干流 沉积物 金属 重 铬 锰 铜 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]