深海热液喷口生物群落的研究进展  

RESEARCH ADVANCES IN DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENT COMMUNITIES

作　　者：李日辉[1] 侯贵卿[1] 

机构地区：[1]国土资源部海洋地质研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1999年第4期103-108,共6页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

摘　　要：深海热液喷口生物群落并不依赖光合作用获取能量，它们是一类独特的生物类型，其食物链的基础是化学合成细菌，这些细菌依靠喷口热液中的还原无机物氧化．利用CO。合成有机碳，它们共生于大个体动物的软组织或绍中，向寄主提供生存必需的有机碳。地质时期古热液喷口生物群落的研究还表明，该类生物群落在古生代（可能更早）即已出现。此外，现代热液喷口与古热液喷口生物群落的比较研究，在探索该生物群落乃至早期生命的起源、演化方面也取得了可喜进展。Over the past two decades, great research advances in deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities have been achieved. Multidisciplinary researches have clearly demonstrated that hydrothermal vent communities are quite different from typical deep-sea communities in many aspects such as foodchain structure, high population density and biomass,rapid rates of growth and so on. It is now generally accepted that chemosynthetic bacteria,which feed on reduced inorganic chemicals like hydrogen sulfide,provide energy for macroanimals by means of endosymbloses. Fossil hydrothermal vent cornmunities have been increasingly discovered in recent years. The oldest one up to now is as old as Silurian- By means of comparative study some researchers suggest that some of the rnodern vent animals such as tube worms vestimentiferan and polychaete are Mesozoic or even Paleozoic relics,and believe that the vent environment has thus acted as a refuge against evolutionary pressures. Others argue that since fossil vent animals such as brachiopods and monoplacophorans have no modern vent counterparts, the refuge hypothesis is strongly challenged. But there is no doubt that further researches on modern and fossll vent communities will be crucial to deterrnine the origin and evolution of vent communities as well as early life.

关 键 词：深海 热液喷口 热泉生物 生物群落 研究进展 

分 类 号：P736.221[天文地球—海洋地质] Q178.531[天文地球—海洋科学]