泉州湾河口湿地景观格局变化研究  

Change of the Landscape Pattern in Quanzhou Estuary Wetlands

作　　者：叶功富[1] 谭芳林[1] 罗彩莲[1] 乐通潮[1] 崔丽娟[2] 孙志同 林永源 刘荣成[5] 

机构地区：[1]福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州350012 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [3]长乐市闽江河口湿地自然保护区管理处,福建长乐350200 [4]泉州市林业局,福建泉州362000 [5]惠安县林业局,福建惠安362100

出　　处：《湿地科学》2010年第4期360-365,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1903);国家948项目(2005-4-07;2006-4-44);福建省林业厅科技项目(闽林科[2007]4号)资助;国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室的资助;福建省森林培育和林产品加工重点实验室的资助

摘　　要：利用1988年、1993年、1997年、2002年和2005年泉州湾河口湿地的遥感影像数据,将该湿地分为永久性河流/河口水域/浅海水域、潮间沙石海滩、潮间淤泥滩涂、红树林、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)沼泽、水产池塘和其他湿地7个类型,对该湿地景观格局变化进行了研究。结果表明,1988～2005年间,泉州湾河口湿地景观格局发生了明显变化,整体景观越来越呈多类型均衡化分布,各景观斑块的形状趋于复杂;潮间淤泥滩涂的面积明显减少,从1988年的3043.62hm2减少到2005年的2009.42hm2,面积共减少1034.2hm2;而互花米草沼泽和水产池塘的面积在明显增加;1988年互花米草沼泽的面积仅为20.16hm2,到2005年时其面积已达563.05hm2,互花米草沼泽面积增加了542.89hm2,平均每年增加约32hm2,且目前仍处于扩大阶段;水产池塘的面积从1988年的30.87hm2增加到2005年的185.01hm2,其面积增加了154.14hm2;由于人工红树林生态恢复工程的实施,使红树林面积在2005年达到50.72hm2,人工造林是恢复红树林生态系统的有效途径;潮间淤泥滩涂、红树林和互花米草沼泽的破碎化程度增大,景观异质性越来越高。Quanzhou estuary wetlands,the important estuary wetlands of China,are located in southeast Fujian.Since the 1980s,the research technique on landscape pattern of the wetlands had developed from the quota attribute to the＇3S＇technology and the mathematical model unified.The change of the landscape pattern in Quanzhou estuary wetlands was studied with the satellite images of 1998,1993,1997,2002 and 2005 in this paper.The results showed that the landscape pattern of the study area changed obviously and presented various types and equalization distribution;the area of intertidal mudflat decreased from 3 043.62 ha in 1988 to 2 009.42 ha in 2005;the areas of spartina alterniflora marsh and fish pond increased,the former from 20.16 ha in 1988 to 563.05 ha in 2005 and latter from 30.87 ha in 1988 to 185.01 ha in 2005;the number of patches of intertidal mudflat,mangrove,spartina alterniflora marsh and fish pond increased during 1988-2005;the area of the mangrove reached 50.72 ha,and artificial formation of woods was an effective way of mangrove recovery.

关 键 词：泉州湾河口 湿地 景观格局 变化 

分 类 号：P941.78[天文地球—自然地理学]