变雨强人工降雨条件下坡长对径流的影响研究  

Effects of Slope Length on Runoff under Artificial Rainfall of Variable Rainfall Intensity

作　　者：王秀颖[1] 刘和平[1] 刘宝元[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第6期1-5,10,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB407204);北京师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育基金项目(08022)

摘　　要：降雨、入渗、径流是水循环的重要环节,坡长是降雨产流的重要影响因素之一。为了进一步揭示坡长对坡面径流的影响,实验选取1～10 m坡长小区,在变雨强过程人工模拟降雨条件下,分析了坡长对径流的影响。结果表明:(1)坡长变化对产流时间没有明显影响,干运行和湿运行产流时间分别约为21 min和1.1 min。(2)时段径流深与坡长的关系,总体来说,在产流初始到降雨历时40 min,土壤含水量较小,时段径流深随坡长增加有明显下降的趋势;在40～90 min时段,平均雨强较大,各坡长时段径流深差别不大;在90～120 min,由于雨强很小,时段径流深随坡长增加又呈现下降的趋势。本实验结果有助于深入理解坡面产流过程。Rainfall,infiltration and runoff are very important parts of the water cycle,and slope length is one of the most important factors effecting runoff generation.In this study,plots of 1～10 m long were selected to analyze the effects of slope length on runoff under artificial rainfall of variable rainfall intensity.The results showed that：（1） Slope length had no significant effects on the time of runoff generation.The times of runoff generation in the dry run and wet run were about 21 min and 1.1 min,respectively;（2）As a whole,the relationship between interval runoff depth and slope length was different at different rainfall duration and intensity.Firstly,during the time from runoff generation to 40 min after rainfall initiation,because of low soil moisture and hence high infiltration,the interval runoff depth decreased significantly with increased slope length;Secondly,during the 40～90 min of rainfall,the average rainfall intensity was much higher,and there is little difference in runoff depth for different slope length;Finally,the interval runoff depth showed a downward trend with the increasing slope length due to the low rainfall intensity between the rainfall duration of 90～120 min.These results are helpful in better understanding the process of runoff generation on hillslope.

关 键 词：变雨强 坡长 径流深 径流系数 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]