雨滴击溅对坡面径流输沙的影响  

Effects of Raindrop Impact on Runoff and Sediment Transport of the Slope

作　　者：徐震[1] 高建恩[1] 赵春红[1] 韩浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第6期20-23,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水专项(2009ZX07212-002-003-02);国家自然科学基金项目(50809056;40701092)

摘　　要：针对雨滴击溅下坡面径流输沙研究中存在的研究方法及机理需要深入探讨的问题,通过室内人工模拟降雨与放水冲刷试验相对比的方法,研究有无雨滴击溅对坡面径流输沙的影响。研究结果表明:雨滴击溅会增强水流的紊动作用和水流流态的不稳定性,但这并不意味着雨滴击溅总是增加坡面输沙的强度;当坡度较大时(10°～12°),随雨强的增加,雨滴击溅对坡面流单宽输沙率的贡献由增强转为抑制。初步给出坡面输沙的影响因素及雨滴击溅对坡面产沙的贡献关系。上述研究对深入探讨坡面输沙机理提供了新的认识。In order to solve the problems on research methods and the mechanism which needs to be discussed deeply in studying runoff and sediment transport of the slope under raindrop impact.Through the comparative method of indoor artificial simulation of rainfall and scouring experiment to study the effects of raindrop impact on runoff and sediment transport of the slope.The results show that the turbulence of the flow and the instability of the flow pattern will be enhanced by raindrop impact,but it doesn＇t mean that the strength of sediment transport of the slope is increased by raindrop impact all the time;when the slope is great（10°～12°）,the contribution to the sediment-transport rate of unit width of the overland flow by raindrop impact will be restrained from strengthened with the increase of rainfall intensity.Factors which have an influence on sediment transport and the relationship that sediment yield of the slope contributed by raindrop impact are given preliminarily.The study above provides a new understanding of deeply discussing sediment transport of the slope.

关 键 词：雨滴击溅 坡面流 单宽输沙率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]