不同类型原始红松林对降雪融雪过程的影响  

Different Types of Virgin Forest of Pinus koraiensis' Effect on the Process of Snowfall and Snow Melt

作　　者：刘海亮[1] 蔡体久[1] 闫丽[1] 白羽[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第6期24-27,31,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30870420);东北林业大学研究生论文资助项目(gram09)

摘　　要：为了定量研究森林的雪水文过程,采用冬季野外直接观测法,从2009年11月至2010年5月以凉水自然保护区内不同类型原始红松林内13次降雪为研究对象,探讨了不同类型原始红松林内雪的变化过程。研究结果表明:(1)森林对降雪的截留作用和林内积雪的影响主要与林分组成和郁闭度有关,在不同类型的原始红松林中,云冷杉红松林对降雪的截留作用最大,截雪率为40%左右,是枫桦红松林和椴树红松林的近2倍。不同类型原始红松林之间的截雪量大小与降雪量有关,降雪量越大,差异越显著。(2)云冷杉红松林内积雪厚度最小,3月中旬达最大值32 cm,而枫桦红松林和椴树红松林分别为42 cm和40cm。(3)不同类型的原始红松林内积雪完全融化的时间在45 d左右,云冷杉红松林对积雪的保持时间相对较长,而无林地融雪时间仅为25 d。因此,原始红松林,尤其是云冷杉红松林可以有效防止春季融雪洪峰的产生,延长春季融雪径流时间,对于增加春季枯水期河水流量,减轻下游春旱具有重要意义。In order to quantitatively study the hydrologic process of forest snow,the quantity,accumulation and melting process of 13 snow were observed in field in different types of Pinus koraiensis virgin forest of Liangshui National Nature Reserve from November,2009 to May,2010.The results showed that interception of snowfall and snow forest mainly related to the stand structure and crown density.Among three different types of Pinus koraiensis virgin forest： Picea sp.,Abies nephlolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest（PF）,Betula costata-Pinus koraiensis forest（BF）,Tilia-Pinus koraiensis forest（TF）.The PF had the biggest snow interception which was 40% of the cut-off,and was twice as large as that of the BF and TF.The quantity of the cut-off between different types of Pinus koraiensis virgin forest was related to the snowfall,the larger the snow was,the more significant the differences and vice versa.In the aspect of snow cover,the thickness of cumulative snow of PF is minimum and achieves maximal value is 32 cm,in mid-March,while it is 42 cm and 40 cm for BF and TF respectively.As to snow melts,the time for the snow completely melted were almost the same in different forest types,about 45 days,while PF kept the longest snowmelt time,and snowmelt time in non-forest land was 25 days only.Hence,Pinus koraiensis virgin forest especially the Picea sp.,Abies nephlolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest can effectively prevent the snow melt floods in spring and extend snowmelt runoff time.Therefore,this effect has a great significance on enlarging the river flow in spring low water season and alleviating the spring drought of the down stream.

关 键 词：原始红松林 降雪 积雪 融雪径流 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学] S157.1