氮素形态对中后期小麦根际土壤氮转化微生物及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Soil Enzyme Activity for Nitrogen Transform of Wheat Cultivar during Elongation and Grain Filling Stage

作　　者：王小纯[1] 李高飞[1] 安帅[1] 熊淑萍[2] 马新明[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第6期204-207,245,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30771266);行业科技专项(200803028)

摘　　要：采用盆栽方法研究了硝态氮、铵态氮和酰胺态氮对豫麦34不同生育期根际土壤氮素转化相关微生物及酶活性的影响。结果表明,土壤氮素转化不同微生物生理类群活性及酶活性差异显著,其活性大小顺序为:反硝化细菌>硝化细菌>脲酶>蛋白酶>亚硝化细菌>氨化细菌。反硝化细菌、硝化细菌、蛋白酶、亚硝化细菌及氨化细菌活性从拔节期开始逐渐升高,于花后14天达到最大值,之后开始下降;脲酶活性在拔节期最高,逐渐降低,至花后14天最低,之后又略有回升。氮素形态对小麦根际土壤氮素转化微生物及酶活性的影响因生育期、微生物生理类群而异。综合比较分析表明,铵态氮促进土壤有机氮的分解利用,促进氨转化为NO3-,抑制反硝化作用引起的氮素损失,酰胺态氮次之,硝态氮最差。With pot experiments,the effect of three nitrogen forms,nitrate（NaNO3）,ammonia（NH4HCO3） and urea（NH2CONH2） on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzyme activity for nitrogen transform of wheat cultivar（Yumai 34） of different stage was studied.The results indicated as follows： There were prominent difference among the activities of different rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzymes for nitrogen transform,the activity turn was： The activity of bacterial of denitrafication,nitrification,proteinase,sub-nitrification and ammonification increased gradually from elongation stage,went up to maximum value on the 14th day after flowering,then began to decrease.In contrast to the above,the activity of urease was maximum during elongation stage,decreased gradually to the minimum value on the 14th day after flowering,and then increased a little.The effects of three nitrogen forms on rhizosphere microorganisms and soil enzyme activity for nitrogen transform were dependent on the physiological species of microorganisms and the kind of enzyme.Based on the comprehensive analysis,ammonia could facilitate the decomposition and utilization of organic nitrogen,facilitate the transform of NH＋4 to NO-3,and inhibited the loss nitrogen induced by denitrafication,and urea had a better effects,nitrate had the worst effects.

关 键 词：小麦 氮素形态 根际土壤 氮素转化微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.2