福建省晚稻测土配方施肥指标体系研究  

The Study of Soil Test and Formula Fertilization Index System On Late Rice in Fujian

作　　者：孔庆波[1] 章明清[1] 李娟[1] 姚宝全 张青[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建省农田建设与土肥技术总站,福建福州350013

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2010年第11期1873-1880,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2008BADA4B03);福建省农科院基金(2008BS-2);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目(Fujian-13)资助

摘　　要：依据测土配方施肥项目完成的131个晚稻田间试验,归纳土壤基础肥力对晚稻产量的贡献率,完善土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分丰缺指标体系,通过众多氮磷钾肥效试验,采用Monte Carlo法建立优化区域肥效模型。基础土壤肥力对晚稻稻谷的贡献率平均为71.7%,山区土壤的平均贡献率为70.8%;沿海的为73.3%;氮磷钾化肥增产效果是N>K>P;将土壤肥力水平划分为"高"、"中"、"低"3个等级,山区晚稻各肥力等级的相应土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾临界指标分别是>242、242～123、<123 mg/kg;>21、21～9、<9 mg/kg;>106、106～18、<18 mg/kg。沿海晚稻各等级的相应临界指标分别为>206、206～72、<72 mg/kg;>20、20～8、<8 mg/kg;>85、85～22、<22 mg/kg。山区晚稻的各临界指标都高于沿海地区;利用肥力等级建立区域肥效模型,进一步证实氮磷钾推荐施肥量与试验地基础土壤碱解氮、Olsen-P、速效钾含量有很好的相关性,从而建立二者之间的回归关系式。结合肥力等级和区域分类等方法建立了晚稻土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺指标体系、区域肥效模型以及推荐施肥量与试验地基础土壤养分测试值回归关系,实现了肥料效应函数法同时具有宏观调控和微观指导的全面功能。According to 131 field test on late rice completed in the project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation,soil fertility contribution rate to the production of late rice was summarized,sufficient or deficient index system of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorous,available potassium was improved.Based on a large number of field fertilization test on late rice,fertilization models of optimize region were established with the Monte Carlo method.Soil fertility contribution rates to the production of late rice were averagely 71.7%.Soil fertility contribution rates to the production of late rice in Fujian coast were greater than in Fujian mountain,were 73.3% and 70.8% respectively.Yield increasing effect on fertilization was N〉K〉P.It is divided soil fertility of late rice into high,medium and low grades,corresponding critical indicators of critical alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorous,available potassium are 〉242,242～123,〈123 mg/kg,〉21,21～9,〈9 mg/kg,〉106,106～18,〈18 mg/kg respectively in mountain,〉206,206～72,〈72,〉20,20～8,〈8 mg/kg,〉85,85～22,〈22 mg/kg respectively in coast,which showed critical indicators of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorous,available potassium in mountain were greater than in coast.In order to perform a regression analysis,N,P,K fertilizer recommendation has a good correlation with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorous,available potassium in field soil confirmed by that models.Using the methods of fertility grades and regional classification,sufficient or deficient index system of N,P,K in soil,regional fertility models,regression equation of fertilizer recommendation and field soil nutrient were established.Therefore,the fertilizer response function method will take a macro and micro guidance.

关 键 词：晚稻 肥力分级指标 丰缺指标 施肥模型 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]