北方农牧交错带草地使用权改革研究——以甘肃省永昌县马营沟村为例  

Reformation of grassland use rights in agro-pastoral zone——A case study in Mayinggou Village,Yongchang County,Gansu

作　　者：杨思维[1] 花立民[1] 李兴福 张虎[1] 蒲小鹏[1] 赵海军[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]永昌县农业局,甘肃永昌737200 [3]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2010年第11期159-165,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：世界银行全球环境基金(GEF)项目(052456CHA-GS-Y-2)

摘　　要：中国北方农牧交错带的草地退化和沙化面积已占全国草地面积的50%。由于该区域人口多,草地面积相对较小,造成以家庭为单位的草地承包责任制无法开展或开展难度较大,草地公用导致超载过牧、退化严重。为了从草原管理制度层面探讨解决草地公用这一问题,本研究在甘肃省永昌县典型的农牧交错带——马营沟村社区,开展了基于参与式方法的社区草地联户承包制的试验,分析试验前后社区家畜养殖规模、草地生产力、草地载畜量及抽样调查的15户典型农牧户家畜养殖与经济状况的变化。结果表明,社区草地联户承包后超载率平均下降74.27%,农牧民转变了草地管理和使用观念,并改变原有的养殖方式,促进了草地畜牧业的高效发展,提高了家庭收入。这种改革尝试为中国农牧交错带的草地管理积累了经验。The degraded grassland areas in agro-pastoral area of northern China have accounted for 50 percent of the total grassland area in China.Due to more human population and small grassland area,the householder contract responsibility system（HCRS） is difficult to conduct in the agro-pastoral areas,resulting in livestock overgrazing in the public grassland and further degradation.A Participatory Rural Appraisal was conducted to collect data and information from 15 householders for determining the changes of livestock number,grassland productivity,production pattern and income between early HCRS and current HCRS in the Mayinggou village,Yongchang County,Gansu Province.The result of this study showed that the overgrazing rate on the grassland decreased by 74.27% after the implementation of HCRS,The farmers changed their concept on grassland management and improved the livestock production pattern,resulting in high income.This study suggested that reformation of grassland use rights would provide a good example and experiences for grassland management in agro-pastoral area in China.

关 键 词：北方农牧交错带 草地使用权 改革 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] F301.2[农业科学—畜牧学]