不同材料地膜覆盖对玉米生物学性状的影响  

Influence of different mulching materials on biological the characteristics of corn

作　　者：张杰[1,2] 贾志宽[2] 李国领[3] 罗诗峰[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心,河南郑州450002 [4]河南省农村能源环境保护总站,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第12期133-140,147,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"农田集雨保水关键技术研究"(2006BAD29B03);"节水共性技术研究"(2007BAD88B10)

摘　　要：【目的】比较同一气候条件下不同材料地膜覆盖的集雨效果,为选择高效集雨保墒、环保无污染的覆盖材料提供理论依据。【方法】在2008-2009年于渭北旱塬选用普通地膜、生物降解膜和液态膜3种材料,在玉米不同时期进行覆盖(生育期覆盖和周年覆盖),以不覆盖的传统平作为对照,比较不同覆盖材料对土壤含水量、温度及玉米生长发育、生物量和产量的影响。【结果】与对照相比,普通地膜和生物降解膜覆盖处理,5～10cm土层土壤平均温度分别增加了1.6和1.3℃,0～200cm土壤平均含水量分别增加了7.8%和7.3%,玉米生育期普遍提前,株高和生物量较对照显著增加(P<0.05);液态膜覆盖表现不稳定。2年试验中,玉米生育期覆盖普通地膜、生物降解膜和液态膜处理的籽粒产量较对照分别提高19.96%,19.67%和4.77%,水分利用效率平均提高30.67%,29.69%和7.36%;周年覆盖普通地膜、生物降解膜和液态膜籽粒产量比对照分别提高23.75%,23.90%和5.31%,水分利用效率提高32.06%,31.59%和8.44%;生育期和周年覆盖普通地膜、生物降解膜的增产作用均达显著水平(P<0.05)。【结论】覆盖生物降解膜和普通地膜均能显著增加作物产量和水分利用效率,且两者之间无明显差异,因此生物降解膜可以替代普通地膜应用于农业生产。[Objective] The study compared with rainfall harvesting effects among different covering materials,to provide theoretional basis for selecting highly effective rain collection and environmental protection covering material.[Method] Three covering materials of common plastic film,biodegradable film and liquid film were chosen in the arid area of northern Wei River from 2008 to 2009 year at different periods（corn growth period and all year）.Comparison of different mulch materials on soil moisture,temperature,the corn growth and development,biomass and yield was made.[Result] The treatment with common plastic film and biodegradable film covering increased,the soil emperature by 1.6 and 1.3 ℃ at the depth of 5-10 cm,improve the soil moisture storage by 7.8% and 7.3% at depth of 0-200 cm.The plant height and total biomass increased significantly（P〈0.05） compared with no covering treatment（CK）,while the liquid film covering treatment showed an unstable influence;Treated with common plastic film,biodegradable film and liquid film in growth period,the economic yield of spring maize respectively increased by 19.96%,19.67%and 4.77% compared with no covering treatment（CK）,WUE respectively increased by 30.67%,29.69% and 7.36%;When treated with the three covering materials all year,the improvement of economic yield of spring maize rose by 23.75%,23.90% and 5.31%,WUE respectively increased by 32.06%,31.59% and 8.44%;the common plastic film and biodegradable film showed a significant yield increase effect（P〈0.05） treated both in growth period and the whole year.[Conclusion] The treatment with plastic film and biodegradable film covering can improve crop yield and water use efficiency,and there is no difference between the two materials,so biodegradable plastic film can replace the common plastic film used in agricultural production.

关 键 词：生物降解膜 普通地膜 液态膜 土壤水分 水分利用效率 集雨种植 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]